{"id":169947,"date":"2021-11-21T14:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-21T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/devrri.freshlemon.ro\/news-and-current-affairs\/newsflash\/tradition-and-innovation-in-romanias-literary-circles-169947.html"},"modified":"2024-02-19T14:40:51","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T12:40:51","slug":"tradition-and-innovation-in-romanias-literary-circles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rri.ro\/en\/features-and-reports\/rri-encyclopaedia\/tradition-and-innovation-in-romanias-literary-circles-id169947.html","title":{"rendered":"Tradition and innovation in Romania&#8217;s literary circles"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<p>Literary circles are essential&#13;<br \/>\nfor the evolution of literature. Romanian literature has never been in short&#13;<br \/>\nsupply of such circles, especially during the country&#8217;s modernization and in&#13;<br \/>\nits bid to harmonize domestic literature with the Western one. From the second&#13;<br \/>\nhalf of the 19th century and until the instatement of communism, several&#13;<br \/>\nnoted literary circles had a strong bearing on Romanian literature. Among them,&#13;<br \/>\nworth mentioning is <em class=cms-italic>Junimea,<\/em> a literary circle founded in Iasi, in the north-east,&#13;<br \/>\nin 1863, by a group of Romanian intellectuals with civic and political involvement,&#13;<br \/>\nheaded by Titu Maiorescu. <em class=cms-italic>Sburatorul<\/em> is another noted literary circle, founded in&#13;<br \/>\nBucharest by professor and literary critic E. Lovinescu in the early 1920s. At&#13;<br \/>\nthat time, <em class=cms-italic>Sburatorul<\/em> was responsible for the synchronization of Romanian&#13;<br \/>\nliterature with the literary trends of Western Europe. Yet apart from those two important literary&#13;<br \/>\ncircles, many other circles existed in Bucharest, some of them staged by aristocrats&#13;<br \/>\nwith artistic leanings, while other circles were initiated by bohemian artists,&#13;<br \/>\nwho were rather poor. As for the literary circles in Bucharest, they were&#13;<br \/>\nconnected to the rhythms of the city, turning the houses and the streets where&#13;<br \/>\nthey were held into the capital city&#8217;s mythical, legendary places.<\/p>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n&#13;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Victoria Dragu-Dimitriu&#8217;s recently-published&#13;<br \/>\nvolume, <em class=cms-italic>Tales of old-time literary circles of Bucharest,<\/em> traces the&#13;<br \/>\nbiography of those places, laden with the atmosphere of old-time artistic and literary&#13;<br \/>\ndebates. Also, the book reshapes a literary geography that has been lost,&#13;<br \/>\npartially, since some of the historical buildings had been demolished because&#13;<br \/>\nof a dictatorial regime&#8217;s desperate need to erase as many traces of the past as&#13;<br \/>\npossible. One such example is Titu Maiorescu&#8217;s house located in the city centre&#13;<br \/>\nof Bucharest, a place where in late 19th century the last Junimea literary&#13;<br \/>\ncircle sessions were held and where Mihai Eminescu got round to reading an&#13;<br \/>\nearly version of his poem <em class=cms-italic>The Morning Star,<\/em> <em class=cms-italic>Luceafarul<\/em> in Romanian. However, not&#13;<br \/>\nexactly at the heart of Bucharest, but on one of the nearby streets which&#13;<br \/>\nsurvived to this day, preserving its historical flavour almost unaltered, the&#13;<br \/>\nvilla is still standing, where the Zoe Mandrea&#8217;s literary circle used to be held.&#13;<br \/>\nBucharesters are very familiar with the street where you can find the villa, since&#13;<br \/>\nit is on the same street that Radio Romania&#8217;s main building can also be found.&#13;<br \/>\nWe&#8217;re speaking about General Berthelot Street of today, whose name has been&#13;<br \/>\nchanged many times throughout the years, just as the house where boyar lady Zoe&#13;<br \/>\nMandrea used to live changed its many owners, in time, today serving as the&#8230;headquarters&#13;<br \/>\nof a police station.  <\/p>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n&#13;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Victoria&#13;<br \/>\nDragu-Dimitriu gave details on what was going on in that literary circle in&#13;<br \/>\nthe final years of the 19th century.<\/p>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n&#13;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>They never&#13;<br \/>\ncalled it a literary circle, as far as I remember, since it was, in fact, a&#13;<br \/>\nliterary salon. At that time the name of the street was Fantanii, the Fountain&#13;<br \/>\nStreet. Those who attended Zoe Mandrea&#8217;s salon showed up walking along Fountain&#13;<br \/>\nStreet and there were not few people attending, and there were not only members&#13;<br \/>\nof the Romanian aristocracy or of the intellectuals in very high positions,&#13;<br \/>\nthere were also noted writers. The spoilt guests of the literary circle were Barbu \u0218tef\u0103nescu-Delavrancea and Alexandru Vlahu\u021b\u0103. But Eminescu would&#13;<br \/>\ncome as well, there even was a time when he used to come more often, I think, Titu Maiorescu also&#13;<br \/>\ncame, himself and his family. Many people of noble origin had been wandering&#13;<br \/>\nthrough, there.<\/p>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n&#13;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In&#13;<br \/>\nthe first part of the 20th century, the literary avant-garde also had its own&#13;<br \/>\nliterary circles that were extremely non-conformist, they were held right on&#13;<br \/>\nthe streets of Bucharest, nearby the Lazar high-school, for instance, where Demetru Dem. Demetrescu-Buz\u0103u,&#13;<br \/>\nused to be a pupil, he was the weird author whose penname was Urmuz. When still&#13;<br \/>\nin high-school, himself and his gang of maverick class-mates waylaid passers-by&#13;<br \/>\nwho were walking close to the high school or those walking a bit farther, on the&#13;<br \/>\nDambovita river quay, nay, they even crossed the river towards the former Uranus&#13;<br \/>\ndistrict. But what Bucharesters used to say about that slapdash literary&#13;<br \/>\ncircle? <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Victoria Dragu-Dimitriu:<\/p>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n&#13;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Not everybody was happy to be waylaid&#13;<br \/>\nin the street with a supplication uttered in a very deep voice: If you must&#13;<br \/>\nknow, as a matter of fact, Romanian letters have not died and there still exist&#13;<br \/>\nyoungsters who have kept on writing And if the waylaid person was a wee bit&#13;<br \/>\nmore sensitive, they were the target of the very poem who made Urmuz famous, <em class=cms-italic>Well,&#13;<br \/>\nsome chroniclers, they say <\/em>or other fragments of prose, early attempts along&#13;<br \/>\nthe way of that prose of his Urmuz bequeathed us. The one giving the account of&#13;<br \/>\nthis episode, not only was he a witness, he also was a participant. I&#8217;m&#13;<br \/>\nspeaking about George Ciprian, the actor who also was a playwright, with his play&#13;<br \/>\nthat enjoyed so many stage performances ,<em class=cms-italic>The man with the jade<\/em>. For us,&#13;<br \/>\nthough, pride of place holds <em class=cms-italic>The Drake&#8217;s head,<\/em> another play where those teenagers&#8217;&#13;<br \/>\nreckless adventure was simply transposed on stage. And Ciprian, this time in&#13;<br \/>\nhis book of memoirs and not in T<em class=cms-italic>he Drake&#8217;s head,<\/em> tells us the last performance was&#13;<br \/>\ngiven right in the principal&#8217;s office, where three or four boys and several&#13;<br \/>\nother classmates that had gone with them performed a dance around the&#13;<br \/>\nprincipal, who was flabbergasted. Since they were very good pupils, they were&#13;<br \/>\nforgiven beforehand.<\/p>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n&#13;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The&#13;<br \/>\nhouses that played host to most of the sessions of the Sburatorul literary&#13;<br \/>\ncircle no longer exist either. However, the flat in the Elisabeta Boulevard,&#13;<br \/>\nopposite the Law School building, stood the test of time, it was the flat where&#13;<br \/>\nE. Lovinescu moved shortly before his death, in the summer of 1943. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Victoria Dragu-Dimitriu.<\/p>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n&#13;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>What we have here&#13;<br \/>\nis a heroic story. It is the story of Lovinescu&#8217;s wife, his ex-wife, in fact, Ecaterina B\u0103l\u0103cioiu Lovinescu, who stayed in the house inherited by&#13;<br \/>\ntheir daughter, Monica, after Lovinescu&#8217;s death in the summer of 1943. Monica&#13;<br \/>\nLovinescu, as we all know, left for Paris in 1946, in very difficult and very&#13;<br \/>\ndramatic circumstance, and that extraordinary lady, her mother, French teacher Mrs&#13;<br \/>\nEcaterina B\u0103l\u0103cioiu remained in the house, trying to continue the literary&#13;<br \/>\ncircle sessions Monica Lovinescu herself, while still in the country, presided,&#13;<br \/>\nwith several other people by her side, of course. But when Monica left, her&#13;<br \/>\nmother continued the literary circles for six or seven more sessions about&#13;<br \/>\nwhich I found out for the first time ever from Ecaterina B\u0103l\u0103cioiu&#8217;s letters to&#13;<br \/>\nher daughter, Monica. The letters were published in two volumes that simply brought&#13;<br \/>\ncentre-stage, in Romanian literature, a new and a great writer of an&#13;<br \/>\nextraordinary psychological strength, a writer who did not intend to write&#13;<br \/>\nliterature proper and who wasn&#8217;t even aware she was writing literature, in her unnerving&#13;<br \/>\nhonesty to depict what was going on in that country and her burning longing for&#13;<br \/>\nher daughter. The book is absolutely&#13;<br \/>\nformidable, and thanks to her we came across a great writer.&#13;<br \/>\nThanks to Ecaterina Balacioiu&#8217;s letters to Monica Lovinescu we have the third&#13;<br \/>\ngreat Lovinescu in Romanian writer.  <\/p>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n&#13;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Although she failed to resurrect the literary&#13;<br \/>\ncircle, E. Lovinescu&#8217;s former wife managed to save some of the literary critic&#8217;s&#13;<br \/>\nmanuscripts, condemned to destruction by the communist authorities. We recall&#13;<br \/>\nthat those authorities nationalized the flat and threw Ecaterina Balacioiu in&#13;<br \/>\njail. She was well over 70 at that time.<\/p>\n<p>(Translation by Eugen Nasta)<\/p>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n&#13;<br \/>\n&#13;<br \/>\n&#13;<br \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The legend of the literary circles in 19th century Bucharest<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":136,"featured_media":90486,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[45210],"tags":[45668,45665,33081,45666,30204,45667,42954],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-169947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rri-encyclopaedia","tag-aristocrat","tag-circle","tag-debate","tag-literary","tag-salon","tag-villa","tag-writer"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tradition and innovation in Romania&#039;s literary circles - Radio Romania International<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rri.ro\/en\/features-and-reports\/rri-encyclopaedia\/tradition-and-innovation-in-romanias-literary-circles-id169947.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tradition and innovation in Romania&#039;s literary circles - 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