{"id":870781,"date":"2025-03-17T14:00:34","date_gmt":"2025-03-17T12:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rri.ro\/?p=870781"},"modified":"2025-03-12T00:40:48","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T22:40:48","slug":"80-years-since-the-installation-of-petru-grozas-pro-communist-government","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rri.ro\/en\/features-and-reports\/the-history-show\/80-years-since-the-installation-of-petru-grozas-pro-communist-government-id870781.html","title":{"rendered":"80 years since the installation of Petru Groza\u2019s pro-communist government"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"western\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">March 6, 1945, <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">is o<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">ne of the dates with a deeply negative significance in the history of <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">contemporary Romania. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">On that day<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, following pressure from the Soviet emissary Andrey Vyshinsky<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, a government <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">was installed that was formed by <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">the National Democratic Front, an alliance led by the Romanian Communist Party, a government chaired by the <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">lawyer<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> Petru Groza. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">His government, considered by historians as being one of the <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">most harmful,<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> is responsible for the Sovietization of Romania <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">and its<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> economic, political, social and cultural transformation from a free and democratic country into a repressive and totalitarian one. Through the measures taken, the Groza government nationali<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">s<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">ed <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">the <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">means of production, various facilities and private homes, amended <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">the legislation regulating the organisation of economic facilities, <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">abolished political parties and <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">made it easier for the courts to send<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> hundreds of thousands of innocent people <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">to prison.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">In February 1945, groups of communists began protest actions against the government led by General Nicolae R\u0103descu with the aim of destabili<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">s<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">ing it and creating an artificial crisis. The deterioration of the political climate at that time was described in 1976 by Constantin Vi\u015foianu, Minister of Foreign Affairs in that government, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">in an interview to<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> Radio Free Europe. Vi\u015foianu recalled <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">how <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Andrey Vyshinsky <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">forced King Michael I to <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">sack<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> R\u0103descu: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u201cIt was i<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">n that atmosphere and amid that turmoil that <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Vyshinsky<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> arrived in Bucharest on February 26, 1945. The Soviet embassy informed me, as I was at that time the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania, that Mr. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Vyshinsky<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> wished to be received by the King the next day. Although it was an improper request, I advised the King to accept it. The next day <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Vyshinsky<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> had his first audience with the King, which I also attended. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Vyshinsky<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> began to explain what he thought the situation in Romania at that moment meant, saying all sorts of untrue things: that the government was not democratic enough, that it could not keep the masses under control, that it was not making enough efforts to calm the tensions. It was simply not true, but his idea was that the government was not democratic enough and that it had to be changed. He asked the King to replace the Radescu government as soon as possible. This first audience was conducted in a civilised tone.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">The king tried to delay Radescu&#8217;s replacement to gain time. But <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Vyshinsky<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> was not willing to wait. A second <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">and <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">less <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">cordial<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> visit followed, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">as <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Constantin Vi\u015foianu <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">recalls:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u201cOn February 27, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Vyshinsky<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> again asked to be received by the king. I was present at this audience as well. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Vyshinsky\u2019s<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> tone became more brutal and he declared on behalf of his government that the present situation could no longer continue. \u2018Your Majesty must intervene urgently and put an end to this intolerable state of affairs by instating a more democratic government\u2019. He even demanded that the king immediately demand Radescu&#8217;s resignation and install a more democratic government. The king explained to him that the government was the most democratic possible, since representatives of the most important parties were there, including the communists, and that it was supported by the entire Romanian nation. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Vyshinsky<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> insisted that the R\u0103descu government was not democratic, without providing any justification. I intervened and explained to <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Vyshinsky<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> Romania\u2019s political and constitutional system, telling him that our king could not appoint the members of government, a task that belonged to the political parties. He insisted, demanding that a people\u2019s government be formed immediately. And with that he left.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Vyshinsky\u2019s<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> third audience with the king was the beginning of the end for Romanian democracy. Constantin Vi\u015foianu: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u201cThe next day, February 28, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Vyshinsky<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> requested a new audience with the king at 3:30 p.m. I was also present at the meeting again. This time, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Vyshinsky\u2019s<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> tone was extremely violent. He said: \u2018I have come to find out Your Majesty&#8217;s decision\u2019. The king replied that he had informed the government of the Soviet representative&#8217;s wishes and that negotiations were currently taking place with the party representatives. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Vyshinsky<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> said: \u2018That is not enough, I consider the Radescu government to be a fascist government and that it must be got rid of.\u2019 He began to threaten, saying that the situation was very serious and that the new government must be installed by 6:00 p.m., that is, in two hours. He stood up, banged his fist on the table, and left, slamming the door so hard that the plaster around it cracked. And that\u2019s how th<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">e third audience ended, at which I tried to explain to <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Vyshinsky<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"> that the king could not dismiss the government without consulting the leaders of the parties that formed it. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Vyshinsky<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"> replied with false politeness that he had not come to talk to the foreign minister but to the king. I also informed the English and the American representatives of the attitude of the Soviet representative, since <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Vyshinsky<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"> was speaking on behalf of the Allied Control Commission of which the Allied powers were members. Unfortunately, the policy pursued at that time by the Americans and the British was not of much help to us.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #1f1f1f;\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">The appointment of Petru Groza to a government approved by the communists was the price <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">that had to be paid to <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">avoid bloodshed. But, on March 9, 1945, it <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">also marked the <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">return <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">under<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> Romanian <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">control of <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Northern Transylvania, a territory ceded to Hungary in 1940 following the Vienna Di<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">ktat.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>March 6, 1945, is one of the dates with a deeply negative significance in the history of contemporary Romania. On that day, following pressure from the Soviet emissary Andrey Vyshinsky, a government was installed that was formed by the National Democratic Front, an alliance led by the Romanian Communist Party, a government chaired by the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":127,"featured_media":723957,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[41141],"tags":[34334],"coauthors":[113318],"class_list":["post-870781","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-the-history-show","tag-history"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>80 years since the installation of Petru Groza\u2019s pro-communist government - Radio Romania International<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rri.ro\/en\/features-and-reports\/the-history-show\/80-years-since-the-installation-of-petru-grozas-pro-communist-government-id870781.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"80 years since the installation of Petru Groza\u2019s pro-communist government - Radio Romania International\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"March 6, 1945, is one of the dates with a deeply negative significance in the history of contemporary Romania. 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