{"id":382411,"date":"2024-09-12T07:20:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-12T04:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/devrri.freshlemon.ro\/consulter-les-lecons\/lecon-48-le-pluriel-troisieme-partie-id382411.html"},"modified":"2024-09-12T13:20:01","modified_gmt":"2024-09-12T10:20:01","slug":"lecon-48-le-pluriel-troisieme-partie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rri.ro\/fr\/le-roumain-mot-a-mot\/consulter-les-lecons\/lecon-48-le-pluriel-troisieme-partie-id382411.html","title":{"rendered":"Le\u00e7on 48 – Le pluriel (troisi\u00e8me partie)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lec<\/strong>\u0163<\/strong>ia patruzeci <\/strong>\u015f<\/strong>i opt<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Dominique :<\/em> Bun\u0103 ziua !<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ioana : <\/em>Bun\u0103 diminea\u0163a !<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Alexandru :<\/em> Bun\u0103 seara !<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Valentina :<\/em> Bun\u0103 !<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bun venit, dragi prieteni \u015fi prietene. Zeci, sute, mii de prieteni \u015fi prietene !<\/strong> Nous allons passer une derni\u00e8re journ\u00e9e au royaume des pluriels roumains. Nous connaissons jusqu\u2019ici deux d\u00e9sinences :<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

-i <\/strong>pour le masculin<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

prieten — prieteni <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

e <\/strong>pour le f\u00e9minin<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

prieten\u0103 — prietene<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

et toujours<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

e <\/strong>pour le neutre — puisque le mots neutres sont f\u00e9minins au pluriel.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

animal — animale<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le mot — f\u00e9minin ou neutre — finit d\u00e9j\u00e0 par la voyelle e, <\/strong>pour faire entendre le pluriel, on utilise la d\u00e9sinence -i, <\/strong>comme pour le masculin.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

zece <\/strong>(dix) — zeci <\/strong>(dizaines)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

m\u00eame si ce i <\/strong>doit s\u2019ajouter \u00e0 un autre, qui existe d\u00e9j\u00e0 ; dans ce cas on aura un double i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

mie <\/strong>(mille) — mii <\/strong> (milliers)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Continuons l\u2019exploration de cette vaste et riche cat\u00e9gorie grammaticale, en mentionnant les deux d\u00e9sinences qui nous restent. Tout d\u2019abord le suffixe :<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– uri<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ce suffixe est employ\u00e9 surtout pour les mots neutres:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ansamblu — ansambluri<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

grup — grupuri<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

tren — trenuri<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

corp — corpuri<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

parc — parcuri<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ecou — ecouri<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

birou — birouri<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

tablou — tablouri<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

stilou — sitlouri<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

metrou — metrouri<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

festival — festivaluri<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ideal — idealuri<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

transport — transporturi<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Et puis le suffixe<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

-le, <\/strong>(et ses variantes) utilis\u00e9 d\u2019habitude pour des mots f\u00e9minins:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

stea — stele <\/strong>— \u00e9toile(s)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(En latin on disait stella — stellae<\/em><\/strong>)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

mii de stele<\/strong> — des milliers d\u2019\u00e9toiles<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

perdea — perdele <\/strong>— rideau(x)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

cafea — cafele<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

dou<\/strong>a<\/strong> cafele f\u0103r\u0103 zah\u0103r<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

lalea — lalele <\/strong>— tulipe(s)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

o vaz\u0103 cu lalele <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

sanda — sandale<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nous nous sommes occup\u00e9s jusqu\u2019ici des cas les plus simples, o\u00f9 aucune autre modification n\u2019intervenait lors du passage au pluriel. Pourtant, bien souvent, sous l\u2019impact de la d\u00e9sinence, des changements se produisent \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du mot.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

La derni\u00e8re consonne peut \u00eatre modifi\u00e9e — notamment t <\/strong>et s, <\/strong>qui deviennent \u0163 <\/strong>et respectivement \u015f <\/strong>:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

tat\u0103 – ta\u0163i <\/strong>— p\u00e8re(s)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

frate — fra\u0163i <\/strong>— fr\u00e8re(s)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ioana: <\/em> Eu am un frate.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Alexandru :<\/em> Eu am doi fra\u0163i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Valentina :<\/em> Eu am trei fra\u0163i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

pas — pa\u015fi <\/strong>–pas<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ioana : <\/em>un pas<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Alexandru :<\/em> doi pa\u015fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Valentina :<\/em> Gara este la doi pa\u015fi. <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(La gare est \u00e0 deux pas d\u2019ici).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Une autre modification importante qui peut intervenir est le passage d\u2019une diphtongue \u00e0 la voyelle simple:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

soare — sori <\/strong>— soleil(s)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

floare — flori <\/strong>— fleur(s)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

moar\u0103 — mori<\/strong> — moulin(s)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ploaie — ploi <\/strong>— pluie(s)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ceat\u0103 — cete <\/strong>— petit(s) groupe(s)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

fereastr\u0103 – ferestre <\/strong>— fen\u00eatre(s)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Le changement peut s\u2019op\u00e9rer en sens inverse, de la voyelle simple \u00e0 une diphtongue:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

motor — motoare<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

televizor — televizoare<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

calculator — calculatoare<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

m<\/strong>a<\/strong>r\u0163i\u015for — mar\u0163i\u015foare<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

balon — baloane<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

balcon — balcoane<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

creoin — creioane<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

avion — avioane<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

vagon — vagoane<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

cordon — cordoane<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

os — oase<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mot important de la s\u00e9rie :<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

milion — milioane<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

milioane de stele <\/strong>(des millions d\u2019\u00e9toiles)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

milioane de sori<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

milioane de flori<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mentionnons enfin, en passant, que certains mots f\u00e9minins ont un pluriel en — i<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

sculptur\u0103 — sculpturi<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

prim\u0103var\u0103 — prim\u0103veri <\/strong>— printemps<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

duminic\u0103 — duminici <\/strong>— dimanche(s)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Et finissons sur 3 pluriels irr\u00e9guliers :<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

cap — capete <\/strong>— t\u00eate(s)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

sor\u0103 — surori <\/strong>— s\u0153ur(s)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

om — oameni <\/strong>— homme(s), \u00eatre(s) humain(s) — peut-\u00eatre du latin hominis<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Aurelian Andreescu — un homme qui ne croit pas aux \u00e9toiles. Nu cred \u00een stele.<\/strong> Ecoutons-le!<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

LA REVEDERE !<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Aurelian Andreescu —<\/strong> Nu cred \u00een stele <\/strong>(Je ne crois pas aux \u00e9toiles)<\/p>\n