{"id":432262,"date":"2021-03-01T12:38:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-01T10:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/devrri.freshlemon.ro\/le-roumain-mot-a-mot\/consulter-les-lecons\/la-fete-du-martisor-id432262.html"},"modified":"2021-03-01T12:38:00","modified_gmt":"2021-03-01T10:38:00","slug":"la-fete-du-martisor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rri.ro\/fr\/nos-emissions\/fetes-et-traditions\/la-fete-du-martisor-id432262.html","title":{"rendered":"La f\u00eate du Martisor"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dans le calendrier traditionnel roumain, le mois de mars d\u00e9bute par la journ\u00e9e du Martisor. Le martisor est un symbole du renouvellement, de la vie, du printemps. Son principal \u00e9l\u00e9ment est le fil tress\u00e9 rouge et blanc, all\u00e9gories de la lumi\u00e8re et de l’obscurit\u00e9, de la chaleur de l’\u00e9t\u00e9 et du froid de l’hiver, du jour et de la nuit, de la vie et de la mort. Initialement un simple fil tress\u00e9 noir et blanc, le martisor \u00e9volue, le rouge remplace le noir et on y attache des pi\u00e8ces de monnaie ou de petits objets symboliques. De nos jours, le martisor peut \u00eatre tout objet de petites dimensions auquel l’on attache un fil bicolore rouge et blanc. Bref – un porte-bonheur. Pour sa part, l’ethnologue Ion Ghinoiu d\u00e9finit le martisor comme \u00able fil bicolore des jours, des semaines et des mois de l’ann\u00e9e \u00bb. Pour le sp\u00e9cialiste du folklore Simeon Florea Marian, c’est un porte-bonheur qui apporte le bien-\u00eatre \u00e0 son possesseur. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Delia Suiogan, ethnologue \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 du Nord de Baia Mare: \u00ab La f\u00eate du Martisor est tr\u00e8s ancienne et renvoie au renouveau de la nature et de l’homme. Le matin du 1er mars, avant l’aube, la femme la plus \u00e2g\u00e9e du foyer devait tresser deux fils – l’un rouge, l’autre blanc – auquel elle attachait une pi\u00e8ce de monnaie en or ou en argent. Cette amulette \u00e9tait ensuite attach\u00e9e au cou de enfants, filles et gar\u00e7ons. Ils devaient la porter jusqu’\u00e0 ce que les premiers arbres fleurissaient, surtout dans la contr\u00e9e de Maramures (nord). Ensuite, l’amulette \u00e9tait attach\u00e9e aux branches des arbres fleuris. Selon la quantit\u00e9 de fleurs de l’arbre, les gens imaginaient les caract\u00e9ristiques de l’ann\u00e9e. C’est le rituel le plus ancien du Martisor, tel qu’il \u00e9tait pratiqu\u00e9 au Maramures. \u00bb<\/em><\/div>\n

<\/em><\/div>\n
Dans d’autres r\u00e9gions, on portait le martisor jusqu’\u00e0 une des f\u00eates du printemps – le dimanche des Rameaux, les P\u00e2ques ou les Mucenici – la f\u00eate des Martyrs marqu\u00e9e le 9 mars. Ou bien les enfants portaient le martisor jusqu’au retour des oiseaux migrateurs. Le fait de d\u00e9tacher le martisor du cou ou de la main et de le mettre sur les branches d’un arbre fleuri symbolisait le transfert d’\u00e9nergie du monde humain \u00e0 l’univers v\u00e9g\u00e9tal. La pi\u00e8ce de monnaie attach\u00e9e au fil tress\u00e9 \u00e9tait ensuite utilis\u00e9e pour acheter du vin rouge et du fromage frais pour que son possesseur garde toute l’ann\u00e9e sa bonne sant\u00e9 et sa bonne humeur. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Delia Suiogan : \u00ab Certes, toutes ces traditions on chang\u00e9 au fil du temps. Notamment en raison du fait que les gens on oubli\u00e9 la signification du Martisor. Ce fil tress\u00e9 rouge et blanc symbolise le m\u00e9lange du soleil et de l’eau. Leur pouvoir \u00e9tait transf\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 l’enfant, lorsque le fil touchait son cou ou sa main. C’est pourquoi l’on offrait ces amulettes uniquement aux petits. Et on insistait sur la puissance du fil bicolore, sans la monnaie attach\u00e9e. De nos jours, partout dans le pays, dont la contr\u00e9e de Maramures, on offre le Martisor aux femmes de tous \u00e2ges, comme symbole de l’appartenance. Malheureusement, \u00e0 l’heure actuelle des produits kitsch ont remplac\u00e9 le martisor v\u00e9ritable. \u00bb <\/em><\/div>\n

<\/em><\/div>\n
De nos jours, le martisor a perdu sa fonction protectrice. Le 1er mars est une f\u00eate des petits cadeaux, dont la valeur commerciale gagne de plus en plus en ampleur. C’est aussi une occasion pour les cr\u00e9ateurs de produits faits main de promouvoir leurs objets. Et bien que les coutumes ne soient plus respect\u00e9es dans le monde moderne, le fil rouge et blanc ne manque jamais. (Trad. Valentina Beleavski)<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans le calendrier traditionnel roumain, le mois de mars d\u00e9bute par la journ\u00e9e du Martisor. Le martisor est un symbole du renouvellement, de la vie, du printemps. Son principal \u00e9l\u00e9ment est le fil tress\u00e9 rouge et blanc, all\u00e9gories de la lumi\u00e8re et de l’obscurit\u00e9, de la chaleur de l’\u00e9t\u00e9 et du froid de l’hiver, du […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":133,"featured_media":279741,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[97162],"tags":[36048,31664,85168,43341],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-432262","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fetes-et-traditions","tag-mars","tag-martisor","tag-printemps","tag-tradition"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa f\u00eate du Martisor - Radio Roumanie Internationale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rri.ro\/fr\/nos-emissions\/fetes-et-traditions\/la-fete-du-martisor-id432262.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La f\u00eate du Martisor - Radio Roumanie Internationale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dans le calendrier traditionnel roumain, le mois de mars d\u00e9bute par la journ\u00e9e du Martisor. Le martisor est un symbole du renouvellement, de la vie, du printemps. 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