{"id":862057,"date":"2025-02-27T11:06:43","date_gmt":"2025-02-27T09:06:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rri.ro\/?p=862057"},"modified":"2025-02-27T13:27:42","modified_gmt":"2025-02-27T11:27:42","slug":"stop-au-smog","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rri.ro\/fr\/nos-emissions\/planete-verte\/stop-au-smog-id862057.html","title":{"rendered":"Stop au smog!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le smog, un grave probl\u00e8me des zones urbaine<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Le smog<\/em> est une forme de pollution qui affecte gravement la sant\u00e9 publique et l’environnement et constitue un probl\u00e8me important en Roumanie, en particulier dans les zones urbaines. Les principales causes du smog en Roumanie sont les \u00e9missions de gaz et de particules fines provenant des v\u00e9hicules, des industries, des centrales thermiques \u00e0 combustible fossile et du chauffage des habitations au bois ou au charbon.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bucarest, Cluj-Napoca et Iasi sont les villes de Roumanie les plus touch\u00e9es, avec des concentrations de polluants bien sup\u00e9rieures aux limites recommand\u00e9es par l’Organisation mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 (OMS). En hiver, ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne s’intensifie en raison des basses temp\u00e9ratures et des inversions de temp\u00e9rature, qui emp\u00eachent la dispersion des polluants dans l’atmosph\u00e8re. Cela rend l’air stagnant et la pollution persiste plus longtemps. Un rapport publi\u00e9 \u00e0 la fin de l’ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re montre qu\u2019\u00e0 Bucarest, le smog et l’augmentation significative des valeurs de particules PM 2,5 sont essentiellement imputables au chauffage \u00e0 combustibles solides.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Une page de sensibilisation \u00e0 ce probl\u00e8me<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ecopolis, une organisation non gouvernementale, a cr\u00e9\u00e9 une page de sensibilisation \u00e0 ce probl\u00e8me, dont nous parle Oana Neneciu, sa directrice ex\u00e9cutive:<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>\u00ab Avec la page Stop Smog, nous voulons sensibiliser les autorit\u00e9s et les citoyens \u00e0 ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne qui n’est plus rare \u00e0 Bucarest. Il se produit chaque hiver. \u00c0 partir d’une temp\u00e9rature inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 10\u00b0, nous constatons l\u2019apparition de ces ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes. Il s’agit essentiellement de pollution, de particules qui se combinent \u00e0 des conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques qui ne favorisent pas la dispersion des polluants. Nous avons alors cette chape, ce cocktail de pollution, qui reste au-dessus de la ville pendant un, deux, trois jours, voire plus longtemps en fonction des conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques. Nous avons observ\u00e9 ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne dans tout Bucarest. Nous essayons d’identifier plus sp\u00e9cifiquement la pollution provenant des sources de chauffage, qui sont de plusieurs types : le chauffage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, puis les installations de chauffage individuel, et enfin les installations fonctionnant avec des combustibles solides, qui constituent en fait un probl\u00e8me majeur \u00e0 Bucarest.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Les zones les plus probl\u00e9matiques identifi\u00e9es, en termes de valeurs de particules PM 2,5, sont Giule\u0219ti, Bucure\u0219tii Noi, Colentina-Fundeni et Rahova-Ferentari. De nombreuses maisons y utilisent des installations \u00e0 combustibles solides tels que le bois, les granul\u00e9s ou les d\u00e9chets, qui devraient \u00eatre remplac\u00e9es de toute urgence.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Trop peu de chiffres officiels\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mais il n’existe aucun rapport officiel analysant ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, explique Oana Neneciu, directrice ex\u00e9cutive de l’ONG Ecopolis.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>\u00ab Les autorit\u00e9s nationales ne disposent pas de ces donn\u00e9es, mais il existe des rapports de m\u00e9decins. \u00c0 l’Institut de pneumophthiologie Marius Nasta, la Dr Beatrice Mahler a r\u00e9ussi, avec son \u00e9quipe, \u00e0 identifier les fluctuations des admissions \u00e0 l’h\u00f4pital en fonction de l’augmentation et de la diminution des particules dans l\u2019air. Elle a pu constater qu’\u00e0 partir de dix microgrammes\/m\u00b3, si la valeur des particules augmente, le nombre d’hospitalisations peut atteindre 600 par jour, par exemple. C’est \u00e9norme et cela signifie que beaucoup d’argent est d\u00e9pens\u00e9 dans ce secteur de la sant\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

En ce qui concerne le nombre d’installations de chauffe au bois ou d’autres combustibles solides dans la r\u00e9gion de Bucarest et d’Ilfov, il n’existe qu’une seule estimation, celle de l’Association pour l’\u00e9nergie intelligente, qui indique que 80 000 foyers sont actuellement chauff\u00e9s au bois de chauffage. De m\u00eame, la capitale roumaine peine \u00e0 repenser son urbanisme afin de permettre \u00e0 ses habitants de d\u00e9laisser leurs grosses voitures au profit de moyens de transport moins polluants comme le v\u00e9lo ou les transports en commun. Il reste encore un long chemin \u00e0 parcourir afin de sensibiliser la population \u00e0 ces questions afin de leur permettre de faire le lien entre sant\u00e9 et environnement ! (trad. Charlotte Fromenteaud)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le smog, un grave probl\u00e8me des zones urbaine   Le smog est une forme de pollution qui affecte gravement la sant\u00e9 publique et l’environnement et constitue un probl\u00e8me important en Roumanie, en particulier dans les zones urbaines. Les principales causes du smog en Roumanie sont les \u00e9missions de gaz et de particules fines provenant des […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":128,"featured_media":84909,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[95817],"tags":[161743,163756,163755,85796,163754],"coauthors":[113280],"class_list":["post-862057","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-planete-verte","tag-pollution-fr","tag-smog-fr","tag-stop-smog","tag-villes","tag-zones-urbains"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nStop au smog! - Radio Roumanie Internationale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rri.ro\/fr\/nos-emissions\/planete-verte\/stop-au-smog-id862057.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Stop au smog! - Radio Roumanie Internationale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le smog, un grave probl\u00e8me des zones urbaine   Le smog est une forme de pollution qui affecte gravement la sant\u00e9 publique et l’environnement et constitue un probl\u00e8me important en Roumanie, en particulier dans les zones urbaines. 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