Domnil\u2019ia a lu Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu (1688-1714) fu un\u00e2 lung\u0103 tr\u00e2 a\u0163ea perioad\u0103 di spease (multe) l\u00e2xiri la tron \u015fi marcat\u0103 v\u00e2r\u00e2 turlie di un\u00e2 stabilitate. \u00cen afoara a reformilor pi care mutri s-li fac\u00e2 \u015fi a av\u00e2ntului (sil\u00e2l\u2019ei) pi care li lo cultura, Br\u00e2ncoveanu ar\u0103mase \u00een memoria a croni\u0163ilor \u015fi din cauza a tragic\u00e2l\u2019ei a a l\u2019ei moarte. Tru dzuua di 15-16 agustu 1714, Br\u00e2ncoveanu, \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 di 60 di an\u2019i, deadun cu a\u0163el\u2019i 4 hil\u2019i a lui \u015fi cu sfetniculu (consilierulu) personal Ianache V\u0103c\u0103rescu, dup\u0103 5 me\u015fi di deten\u0163ie tru capitala otoman\u0103, eara decapita\u0163.<\/p>\n
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Lu \u00eentrib\u01cem pi Bogdan Murgescu, profesor di istoria a Imperiului otoman la Facultatea di Istorie a Universitatil\u2019ei Bucure\u015f\u0163i, care fur\u00e2 caracteristi\u0163ile a domniil\u2019ei a lu Br\u00e2ncoveanu, care dz\u00e2se:<\/p>\n
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\u201cConstantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu easte misurat tr\u00e2 un bun administrator. Di-tru chirolu a lui avem \u015fi mutrite di reform\u0103 fiscal\u0103 \u015fi eforturi di a \u0163\u00e2nire un\u00e2 ispae ma clar\u0103 a p\u00e2radz\u00e2lor publi\u0163. Ar\u00e2mase un\u00e2 condic\u0103 a v\u2019istiariil\u2019ei tr\u00e2 10 an\u2019i, care easte un izvur extraordinar, \u015fi care tru tut a\u0163elu\u015fi chiro n\u00e2 spune gailelu cu care vod\u0103 c\u00e2fta giuvape tr\u00e2 h\u00e2rgiuirea a p\u00e2radz\u00e2lor. Tutun\u00e2oar\u00e2, easte un domnitor dispre care \u015ftim c\u0103 fu un adun\u00e2tor. Putu, reu\u015fi s\u0103 adune p\u00e2radz tru v\u2019istiarie \u015fi ma multu \u00een c\u0103mara a lui personal\u0103. Tur\u0163\u00e2l\u2019i \u00eel\u2019i dz\u00e2\u0163ea \u201cprin\u0163ul a mal\u00e2m\u00e2l\u2019ei\u201d tamam di aform\u2019ia c\u0103 avea reputa\u0163ia a unei avu\u0163\u00e2l\u2019e considerabil\u00e2, avu\u0163\u00e2l\u2019e care era un\u00e2 parte \u00een \u0163ar\u0103, tru patrid\u00e2, \u00een mo\u015fii (ciuflichi) sau tru p\u00e2radz, un\u00e2 alt\u0103 parte depus\u0103 tru alte p\u0103r\u0163\u00e2 din afoara a statului, inclusiv la Vene\u0163ia. Fu un adun\u00e2tor, ama \u015fi un domnitor care al\u0103s\u01ce ctitorii importante, \u015fi la nivel di b\u00e2seri\u0163, ama \u015fi di re\u015fedin\u0163e domne\u015fti \u015fi care agiut\u01ce dezvoltarea a cultur\u00e2l\u2019ei.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Ama hib\u00e2 \u0163i om \u0163i are puterea la un moment dat are contra a lui \u015fi un\u00e2 opozi\u0163ie, mai multu atum\u0163ea c\u00e2ndu easte zborulu di p\u00e2radz. Iara a lu Br\u00e2ncoveanu l\u2019i si repro\u015f\u01ce duritatea cu care colecta impozitile. Bogdan Murgescu dz\u00e2se:<\/p>\n
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\u201cImpozitile nu suntu un lucru popular tru ni\u0163iun\u00e2 so\u0163ietate. Evident c\u0103 exista constr\u00e2ndziri care si exercita asupra a contribuabil\u2019ilor. Ama \u015ftim di-tru condica a v\u2019istiariil\u2019ei c\u0103 fur\u00e2 \u015fi momente tru care boiaril\u2019i fur\u00e2 obliga\u0163 la \u00eemprumuturi for\u0163ate, tru h\u00e2irea a v\u2019istiariil\u2019ei. Dinclo di aesta, ngric\u01ce multu di multu \u015fi stabilitatea tru domnil\u2019e, c\u00e2t \u015fi faptul c\u0103, \u00een general, domnitorulu mutri s\u0103 evite ca \u0163ara s\u0103 hib\u00e2 zim\u2019isit\u00e2 di polimile din vraliga. Nu putu \u00een prota faz\u0103 a domniil\u2019ei di aform\u2019ia c\u0103 atum\u0163ea si fea\u0163e un\u00e2 invazie austriac\u0103. Ama, dup\u0103 a\u0163eau\u00e2, per ansamblu, \u0162ara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 fu ghinea firit\u0103 di interven\u0163ii militare externe \u015fi implicit di distrudziri. Putu s\u0103 beneficiadz\u00e2 di un\u00e2 relativ\u0103 prosperitate \u015fi prucuchie.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Criti\u0163\u00e2l\u2019i a lu Br\u00e2ncoveanu \u00eel\u2019i mata repro\u015far\u00e2 \u015fi turcofilia \u00een condi\u0163iile tru care rom\u00e2n\u2019il\u2019i putea s\u00e2 profit\u00e2 di politica ofensiv\u0103 antiotoman\u0103 pi care u avea declan\u015fat\u00e2 Austria. Diz nou, Bogdan Murgescu, care dz\u00e2\u0163e:<\/p>\n
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\u201cOpozan\u0163\u00e2l\u2019i \u00eel\u2019i repro\u015fa multe lucre, depinde di faza a domniil\u2019ei, di aform\u2019ia c\u0103 esate un\u00e2 domnil\u2019e lung\u0103, di 25 di an\u2019i \u015fi 4 me\u015fi, tru care c\u00e2tigurisirile variar\u00e2, si al\u00e2xir\u00e2 multu. La arhiusit\u00e2, unulu di repro\u015furi fu a\u0163el c\u0103 nu si fea\u0163e arad a cre\u015ftin\u2019ilor contra a otoman\u2019ilor. El v.ne la domnl\u2019ie exact \u00eentr-un moment c\u00e2ndu p\u0103rea c\u0103 \u015eerban Cantacuzino si aproache di austria\u0163, dup\u0103 care intr\u01ce armata austriac\u0103 \u00een \u0162ara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. Ama Br\u00e2ncoveanu si spuse s\u00e2n\u00e2tos, fermu contra a austria\u0163\u00e2lor \u015fi, implicit, prefer\u01ce apruchearea di Imperiul otoman \u015fi ninca \u015fi particip\u01ce la lumt\u0103, arada di otoman\u2019i, contra a austria\u0163lor. Un altu moment care l\u2019i si repo\u015f\u01ce fu tru 1711. \u00cen ciudia a unei situa\u0163ie foarte periculoase \u00een care mitropolitulu \u015fi cu un\u00e2 parte di boiari complotar\u00e2 contra a domnului \u015fi tr\u00e2 fa\u0163irea a \u0163ar\u00e2l\u2019ei arada di Rusia, iara un\u00e2 parte di armat\u0103 dezert\u01ce \u015fi si fea\u0163e arada a ru\u015filor, domnitorulu si spuse multu re\u0163inut \u015fi practic u \u0163\u00e2nu \u0162ara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 di partea a Imperiului otoman.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Tru aest\u00e2 turlie di circumstan\u0163e, moartea traghic\u0103 a lu Br\u00e2ncoveanu pare cu ah\u00e2t ma surprinz\u0103toare. A\u0163ista easte un\u00e2 insuficientu explicat\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 tora, creade Bogdan Murgescu, care spune:<\/p>\n
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\u201cExecu\u0163ia a lu Br\u00e2ncoveanu easte un\u00e2 problem\u0103. El fu destituit \u015fi dup\u0103 a\u0163ea dus la Istanbul \u015fi anchetat \u015fi tir\u01cen\u2019ipsit tra s\u00e2-\u015fi dezv\u0103luie, s\u00e2 \u015fi spun\u00e2 tute averile. Execu\u0163ia a lui easte greu tr\u00e2 achic\u00e2sire, di punctul otoman di videare are un\u00e2 ra\u0163iune greu tr\u00e2 achic\u00e2sire. C\u00e2batea a lui fa\u0163\u0103 de otomani nu fu evident\u0103, \u00een afoar\u0103 di faptul c\u0103 avea acumulat\u00e2 averi, avea \u0163\u00e2nut\u00e2 rela\u0163ii cu statile vi\u0163ine, ama nu ah\u00e2t di intensu tra s\u0103 aib\u00e2 putearea s\u00e2 bag\u00e2 \u00een pericol ordinea otoman\u0103. Ninca nu avem un\u00e2 explica\u0163ie dimpling \u015fi acutotalui conving\u0103toare a ra\u0163iunil\u2019ei tr\u00e2 care otoman\u2019il\u2019i loar\u00e2 apofase tr\u00e2 executarea a lui \u015fi a \u00eentreag\u00e2l\u2019ei familie. Nu iase, nu si veade di-tru documente \u00een suficient\u0103 misur\u0103 aest\u0103 c\u00e2bate. Exist\u0103 cataloadze di acuze cari-l\u2019i si-au adus\u00e2 inclusiv di pl\u00e2ndziri pi cari-l\u2019i li f\u0103\u0163ea boiarl\u2019i rom\u00e2n\u2019i. Ama easte greu di explicat exactu. Fu un\u00e2 execu\u0163ie excesiv\u0103 ba\u015fi \u015fi tr\u00e2 standardile otomane.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Mediile clericale rom\u00e2ne\u015fti acreditar\u00e2 \u015fi ideea a martiriului a Br\u00e2ncovean\u2019ilor, ipotez\u0103 ama vidzut\u00e2 cu circumspec\u0163ie di istori\u0163. Bogdan Murgescu spune:<\/p>\n
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\u201cExista un\u00e2 practic\u0103 tru cazulu \u00een care v\u00e2r\u00e2 insu condamnat tri\u0163ea la islam s\u0103 hib\u00e2 gra\u0163iat. Ama aestu nu fu un motiv suficientu tra s\u0103 hib\u00e2 executat, ma\u015fi tr\u00e2 a\u0163ea c\u01ce eara cre\u015ftin. Tur\u0163\u00e2l\u2019i lu avea numit\u00e2 \u00een loculu a lu Br\u00e2ncoveanu pi cre\u015ftinulu \u015etefan Cantacuzino. C\u00e2nd \u00eel\u2019i executar\u00e2 pi \u015etefan \u015fi pi tat\u0103-s\u0103u a lui, stolniculu Cantacuzino, lu numir\u00e2 pi Nicolae Mavrocordat, cre\u015ftin \u015fi el. A\u015fi c\u0103 nu si b\u00e2g\u01ce ni\u0163iun stic di oar\u00e2 problema a l\u00e2xiril\u2019ei a modului di guvernare a \u0162ar\u00e2l\u2019ei Rom\u00e2nesc\u00e2.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu fu canonizat deadun cu hil\u2019l\u2019i a lui di B\u00e2searica Ortodox\u0103 Rom\u00e2n\u0103 la arhiusita a an\u2019ilor 1990. El fu ufilisit \u015fi di imaghinarulu romantic antiotoman tr\u00e2 a mobilizare na\u0163iunea rom\u00e2n\u0103 la construirea a statului modernu.<\/p>\n
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Domnil\u2019ia a lu Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu (1688-1714) fu un\u00e2 lung\u0103 tr\u00e2 a\u0163ea perioad\u0103 di spease (multe) l\u00e2xiri la tron \u015fi marcat\u0103 v\u00e2r\u00e2 turlie di un\u00e2 stabilitate. \u00cen afoara a reformilor pi care mutri s-li fac\u00e2 \u015fi a av\u00e2ntului (sil\u00e2l\u2019ei) pi care li lo cultura, Br\u00e2ncoveanu ar\u0103mase \u00een memoria a croni\u0163ilor \u015fi din cauza a tragic\u00e2l\u2019ei a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":127,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48422],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-188573","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pro-memoria-ro_ar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n