\u0162i cara c\u0103 nu sunt sinonime \u015fi nu si au suprapus\u0103 perfectu ni\u0163iun\u0103oar\u0103, libera cugetare, libera minduit\u0103, \u015fi anticlericalismul au m\u2019ears\u0103 di multe ori m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103. Contestarea a autoritatil\u2019ei a pref\u0163\u00e2lor fu \u00eenso\u0163\u00e2t\u0103, \u00een decursul a istorilei, di mi\u015fc\u0103ri di reformare a relighiilor \u015fi ba\u015fi di contestare a existen\u0163\u00e2lei a li divinitate, a sentimentului relighios. Radicalismul liber cuget\u0103tor \u015fi anticlerical avu di multi ori \u015fi un\u0103 component\u0103 revolu\u0163ionar\u0103 consistent\u0103 care avea ambi\u0163ia tr\u00e2 al\u00e2xire lumea, tr\u00e2 instaurare, tr\u00e2 curdisire, fericirea \u015fi egalitatea. Libera cugetare \u015fi anticlericalismul modernu \u00ee\u015fi au orighinile tru minduita secolului al 18-lea c\u00e2ndu iluminismul a\u015feza, u b\u00e2ga, ra\u0163iunea \u00een chentrul a ban\u00e2l\u2019ei a omului \u015fi vrea s\u0103-l elibereadz\u0103 di sacrul ira\u0163ional. A\u015fi, redu\u0163irea putearil\u2019ei \u015fi influen\u0163\u00e2lei a li B\u00e2searic\u0103 \u00een stat \u015fi societate fu unulu di punctile a\u0163eale mai importantile a proiectului ra\u0163ionalistu.<\/p>\n
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\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, libera cugetare \u015fi anticlericalismul modern au ap\u0103rut\u0103 tru a daua giumitate a secolului al 19-lea hiinda r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite tru mediile liberale radicale \u015fi socialiste. Darwinismul \u015fi materialismul constituir\u0103 baza teoretic\u0103 a unor reformatori sociali pricum medicil\u2019i Constantin Thiron \u015fi Victor Babe\u015f \u015fi filosoful Vasile Conta. Marius Rotar, cercet\u0103tor la Universitatea \u201d1 Decembrie 1918\u201d di-tru Alba Iulia, consiider\u0103 c\u0103 liber cuget\u0103toril\u2019i au format\u0103 nucleulu dur a anticlericalismului \u015fi laicismului \u00een Rom\u00e2nia. El dz\u00e2se:<\/p>\n
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\u201d\u0162el\u2019i mai importan\u0163\u00e2l\u2019i exponen\u0163\u00e2 a anticlericalismului la noi, ama \u015fi \u00een Europa \u015fi tru SUA fur\u0103 liber cuget\u0103toril\u2019i, un\u0103 mi\u015fcare cultural\u0103, politic\u0103 \u015fi filozofic\u0103 ateist\u0103 tru minduit\u0103 care c\u0103fta s\u0103 elibereadz\u0103 individz\u00e2l\u2019i di pregiudic\u0103\u0163 \u015fi erori relighioase sau \u015ftiin\u0163ifi\u0163e. Scupolu principal eara separarea B\u00e2searic\u00e2l\u2019ei di stat, care \u015fi si fa\u0163e \u00een Fran\u0163a tru 1905 \u015fi \u00een Portugalia tru 1911. Are ndoi exponen\u0163\u00e2 importan\u0163\u00e2 pricum Robert G. Ingersoll tru SUA \u015fi Charles Bradlaugh tru Marea Britanie. Tru 1880 si fondeadz\u0103 Federa\u0163ia Interna\u0163ional\u0103 di Liber\u0103 Cugetare. Cum si manifeest\u0103 anticlericalismul? La nivel individual easte zborulu di asumarea a unei identitate non-relighioas\u0103 \u015fi \u00een cazulu a liber cuget\u0103torilor, sociali\u015ftilor, liberalilor radicali \u015fi a mason\u2019ilor poate s\u0103 si observ\u0103 c\u0103 si dezvolt\u0103 pi trei direc\u0163ii. Un\u0103 easte giuratulu laic, un\u0103 problem\u0103 rezolvat\u0103 la noi t\u00e2\u015f tru 1936. A daua direc\u0163ie easte a\u0163ea a c\u0103s\u0103toriilor, a ncurun\u0103rilor civile. A treia, \u015fi a\u0163ea mai importanta, dup\u0103 mine, easte a\u0163ea a \u00eenmurmint\u0103rilor lai\u0163e, a \u00eenmurmint\u0103rilor f\u0103r\u0103 pref\u0163\u00e2.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Libera cugetare \u015fi anticlericalismul ap\u0103rur\u0103 mai t\u00e2rdz\u00e2u \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, la bitisita secolului al 19-lea, fa\u0163\u0103 di Occidentu. Marius Rotar dz\u00e2\u0163e:<\/p>\n
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\u201dAre ndoi reprezentan\u0163\u00e2 importan\u0163\u00e2 a anticlericalismului, \u0163el mai semnificativulu di la bitisita secolului al 19-lea hiinda Gheorghe Panu. Tru dzuarulu a lui \u201dLupta\u201d dezvoolt\u0103 un discursu absolut vehement la adresa B\u00e2searic\u00e2l\u2019ei ortodox\u0103 Rom\u00e2n\u0103. \u00cen celebra Antologie a ateismului \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, easte considerat primulu promotor a ateismului rom\u00e2nescu. \u00cen ciudia a lu\u015ftu faptu, tru 1910, c\u00e2nd va moar\u0103, va hib\u0103 \u00eenmurmintat cu preftu. \u015ei Nicolae Leon va hib\u0103 \u00eenmormintat cu preftu. Di a\u0163ist punctu di videare, Thiron m\u2019earse p\u00een\u0103 la cap \u00een sensul \u00een care \u015fi-are exprimat\u0103, tru 1905, dorulu tra s\u0103 hib\u0103 \u00eenmormintat laic, a\u0163ea \u0163i va sa si fac\u0103 tru 1924.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Liber cuget\u0103toril\u2019i rom\u00e2n\u2019i \u015fi-au exprimat\u0103 convindzerile \u00een pres\u0103 cu un limbaj care si situa di multe ori \u00een reghistrul a insult\u00e2l\u2019ei \u015fi fu ananghe s\u0103-\u015fi sus\u0163\u00e2n\u0103 opiniile contrare a majoritatil\u2019ei cu for\u0163\u0103. Separarea cet\u0103\u0163ean\u2019ilor di relighie \u015fi separarea moral\u00e2l\u2019ei di relighie eara un principiu fundamental a programului a lor. Conduite pricum a\u0163eale a sociali\u015ftilor \u015etefan Gheorghiu, I. C. Frimu, Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea, Panait Istrati, care c\u00e2ftar\u0103 s\u0103 hib\u0103 \u00eenmorminta\u0163 laic, avea scupolu s\u0103 hib\u0103 exemple \u015fi tr\u00e2 alan\u0163\u00e2. Marius Rotar dz\u00e2\u0163e:<\/p>\n
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\u201dTru 1913, Thiron publica tru dzuarulu \u201dDiminea\u0163a\u201d urm\u0103toarea scrisoare: \u201dFelicit\u0103ri \u00een cazulu a 2 tineri care au preferat\u0103 s\u0103 fac\u0103 ma\u015fi c\u0103s\u0103toria\/ \u00eencurunarea civil\u0103. Sincere felicit\u0103ri c\u0103 avut curajulu tra s-v\u00e2 alipida\u0163 di idio\u0163eniile a relighiilor cre\u015ftin\u0103 \u015fi mozaic\u0103, di biblio-evanghelie, di ceaslov \u015fi di Talmud \u015fi di exploatarea clerului cre\u015ftin \u015fi mozaic.\u201d<\/p>\n
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\u00cen reac\u0163ia a B\u00e2searic\u00e2l\u2019ei Ortodox\u0103 Rom\u00e2n\u0103 si spune foarte clar: \u201dnu si afl\u0103 ni\u0163iunom care s\u0103-l \u00eenciup\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103-l ascuutur\u0103 ma c\u0103-\u015fi permite s\u0103 insulte \u0163ea mai marea parte a poporului rom\u00e2n care nu cuuget\u0103, nu minduia\u015fte \u015fi nu creade ca domnil\u2019ia sa?\u201d\u201d<\/p>\n
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\u0162ea mai radical\u0103 num\u0103 di pi lista liber\u00e2l\u2019ei cugetare \u015fi anticlericalismului fu medicul Constantin Thiron (1853-1924), profesor la Universitatea din Ia\u015fi. Medic militar, are participat\u0103 la polimulu balcanic di-tru 1913 \u015fi la primulu polim mondial. Marius Rotar spuse care sunt detaliile di-tru bana a lu Thiron care \u00eel fac \u201dcampionulu\u201d a liber\u00e2l\u2019ei cugetare din Rom\u00e2nia. El dz\u00e2se:<\/p>\n
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\u201dPi ceasulu\/orologhiulu\/s\u00e2hatea lu Thiron scria \u201dmoarte a tutulor zeilor \u015fi liber\u0103 cugetare!\u201d Thiron \u00ee\u015fi asum\u0103\u0103 p\u00een\u0103 la ultima chic\u0103tur\u0103 aest\u0103 formul\u0103 anticlerical\u0103. Tru 1913 Thiron \u00ee\u015fi inaugureadz\u0103 la Ia\u015fi mormintul laic. Easte primul mormintu laic din Rom\u00e2nia \u015fi easte mplin di simboluri. Tru idghil an, tru chimitirulu Eternitatea, si inaugureaz\u0103 tr\u00e2 Vasile Conta un monumentu ateu. Thiron \u00ee\u015fi fea\u0163e testamentul di 3 ori, tru 1905, 1913 \u015fi 1921. C\u00e2ndu omulu easte tiner, are tendin\u0163a s\u0103 aib\u0103 un aer rebel. Thiron, c\u00e2nd \u00ee\u015fi face primulu testamentu laic, are 52 di an\u2019i, avea dep\u0103\u015fit\u0103 faza prometeic\u0103. Aclo suntu ndau\u0103 di ideile pi care li are. Un citat dintr-un articol a lui din jurnalul Opinia easte relevantu: ma\u015fi imbecilil\u2019i relighio\u015fi confesionali cre\u015ftin\u2019i \u015fi mozai\u0163 au frica moartil\u2019ei din cauza stupidit\u0103\u0163\u00e2lor din Biblie \u015fi Evanghelie impuse di cler tra s\u0103 fac\u0103 mai m\u2019ic\u0103 demnitatea \u015fi curajulu omenesc \u015fi s\u0103 ar\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 un huzmichear platnic \u015fi aplicat a clerului a diversilor relighii.\u201d\u201d<\/p>\n
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Libera cugetare \u015fi anticlericalismul \u00een Rom\u00e2nia avur\u0103 ecou social limitat. Ama eale fea\u0163ir\u0103 ca un\u00e2 turlie di conectare a spa\u0163iului rom\u00e2nescu la circula\u0163ia ideilor din epoca lor. (\u015et.B)<\/p>\n
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Autor: Steliu Lambru<\/p>\n
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Arm\u00e2nipsire: Hristu Steriu<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0162i cara c\u0103 nu sunt sinonime \u015fi nu si au suprapus\u0103 perfectu ni\u0163iun\u0103oar\u0103, libera cugetare, libera minduit\u0103, \u015fi anticlericalismul au m\u2019ears\u0103 di multe ori m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103. Contestarea a autoritatil\u2019ei a pref\u0163\u00e2lor fu \u00eenso\u0163\u00e2t\u0103, \u00een decursul a istorilei, di mi\u015fc\u0103ri di reformare a relighiilor \u015fi ba\u015fi di contestare a existen\u0163\u00e2lei a li divinitate, a sentimentului […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":127,"featured_media":188702,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48422],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-188701","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pro-memoria-ro_ar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n