Rasismul fu, \u00een an\u2019il\u2019i 1930, un\u0103 di a\u0163eale mai resping\u0103toarrele forme de discriminare \u015fi persecu\u0163ie pe care omenirea li invent\u0103 \u015fi statele li aplicar\u0103. Criza democra\u0163iil\u2019ei \u015fi ascensiunea, crea\u015fterea, a intoleran\u0163\u00e2l\u2019ei dusir\u0103 la apari\u0163ia leghisla\u0163il\u2019ei rasial\u0103, reghimulu care deade tonulu a unor aht\u0103ri acte reprobabile hiinda Gherm\u0103nia nazist\u0103 prin celebrele nomuri antisemite de la N\u00fcrnberg di-tru 1935.<\/p>\n
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\u015ei \u00een Rom\u00e2nia criza a democra\u0163iil\u2019ei di-tru 1938 duse la apari\u0163ia a reghimurilor autoritare care au elaborat\u0103 \u015fi votat\u0103 legi rasiste, \u0163inta\/ni\u015fanea hiinda popula\u0163ia evreiasc\u0103. Avem discutat\u0103 cu Lya Beniamin despre leghisla\u0163ia rasial\u0103 antisemit\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia ah\u00e2t \u00een calitate de istoric, c\u00e2t \u015fi de martor ocular a an\u2019ilor 1940. Lya Beniamin spuse:<\/p>\n
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\u201cEa apare \u00eenainte de v\u2019inearea a guvernaril\u2019ei antonescian\u0103 la puteare, apare \u00een timpul a guvernaril\u2019ei Gigurtu, respectiv tru augustu 1940, sum titulatura \u201cStatutul juridic a evreilor din Rom\u00e2nia\u201d. Anterior, guvernul Goga avea adoptat\u0103 leadzea a revizuiril\u2019ei a li cet\u0103\u0163enie, tru 1938, \u015fi leadzea fu aplicat\u0103 tru anulu 1939, dup\u0103 c\u0103dearea a lu\u015ftui. Easte prima leadze grav\u0103 care agudi pi un\u0103 important\u0103 categorie a popula\u0163il\u2019ei evreiasc\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia. Pri-tru leadzea a revizuiril\u2019ei a li cet\u0103\u0163enie, aproximativ 200.000 de evrei \u015fi-au chirut\u0103 cet\u0103\u0163enia \u015fi devenea f\u0103r\u0103 cet\u0103\u0163enie. Tru aest\u0103 calitate \u015fi-au chirut\u0103 un\u0103 serie \u00eentreag\u0103 de drepturi, prota oar\u0103, dreptul la lucru \u015fi la \u0163el de proprietate. Ama ca tipologie de leadze rasist\u0103 va urmeadz\u0103 \u201cStatutul juridic a evreilor din Rom\u00e2nia\u201d care nu avea ma\u015fi pruvideri leghislative. Ea teoretiza, di punctu de vedeare rasial, definea calitatea de evreu. Eara leadzea care spunea \u0163i \u00eensemna s\u0103 e\u015fti evreu, care eara a\u0163ea categorie care intra \u00een categoria a evreilor \u015fi contra cui se aplica nomurile respective. Easte leadzea care \u00eentr-un\u0103 anumit\u0103 turlie sta la baza a leghisla\u0163il\u2019ei rasial\u0103 din timpul a guvernaril\u2019ei Antonescu.\u201d<\/p>\n
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S\u00e2ndzele ca metafor\u0103 \u015fi criteriu \u015ftiin\u0163ific suprem \u015fi biologhia ca autoritate academic\u0103 fac ca biopolitica s\u0103 devin\u0103 paradigm\u0103 tr\u00e2 jurispruden\u0163a rasial\u0103. Lya Beniamin spuse c\u0103 la arhiusita an\u2019ilor 1940, \u00een timpul a guvernaril\u2019ei a mare\u015falului Ion Antonescu, leghisla\u0163ia stabilea etnicitatea a individului \u00een func\u0163ie de caractere genetice mo\u015ftenite \u015fi di \u0163i se transmitea a urma\u015filor. Lya Beniamin spuse:<\/p>\n
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\u201cCatheun\u0103 leadze adoptat\u0103 de guvernarea Antonescu are un\u0103 ahtare introdu\u0163ire, de definire a calitatil\u2019ei de evreu. Aesta eara condi\u0163ionat\u0103 de criteriul a s\u00e2ndzelui. Ma c\u0103 la evrei conteadz\u0103 evreitatea dup\u0103 mam\u0103, conform a leghisla\u0163il\u2019ei rasial\u0103 a reghimului Antonescu conta, tru tut a\u0163eau\u0103\u015fi misur\u0103, \u015fi apartenen\u0163a etnic\u0103 a tat\u0103lui. Se considera c\u0103 structura s\u00e2ndzelui easte multu mai puternic\u0103 la b\u0103rba\u0163 dec\u00e2t la mul\u2019eri \u015fi c\u0103 defectele \u015fi calit\u0103\u0163\u00e2le caracterologhi\u0163e se transmitea mult mai evidentu din partea tat\u0103lui, din partea b\u0103rb\u0103teasc\u0103, dec\u00e2t din partea mam\u00e2l\u2019ei. Lipsea\u015fte s\u0103 spun c\u0103 \u201cStatutulu juridic a evreilor\u201d apare pe data de 8 augustu 1940 \u015fi imediat, a doaua sau a treia dzuu\u0103, apare \u015fi leadzea, \u00eentr-un\u0103 turlie de esen\u0163\u0103 rasist\u0103, care interzi\u0163ea c\u0103s\u0103toriile, \u00eensur\u0103ri \u015fi m\u00e2rt\u0103ri mixte. Si interzise, cu pedepse m\u0103ri, c\u0103s\u0103toria\/\u00eencurunarea mixt\u0103. Oficiile a Staril\u2019ei Civil\u0103 ni\u0163e nu c\u0103s\u0103torea\/\u00eencuruna individz care v\u2019inea cu apartenen\u0163e etnice diferite. Ma c\u0103 un rom\u00e2n vrea s\u0103 se c\u0103s\u0103toreasc\u0103\/\u00eensoar\u0103 cu un\u0103 evreic\u0103 nu exista ni\u0163eun\u0103 turlie de posibilitate tra s\u0103 si fac\u0103 \u00eencurunarea\/ c\u0103s\u0103toria. Fur\u0103 cazuri \u00een care c\u0103s\u0103toriile mixte deja existente fur\u0103 desf\u0103cute di-tru \u00een\u0163eleadzerea a partenerilor nu din cauz\u0103 c\u0103 fur\u0103 obliga\u0163 s\u0103 se despart\u0103, nu exista un\u0103 ahtare pruvedeare. Ama, tru unele cazuri, so\u0163il\u2019i se desp\u0103r\u0163a tra s\u0103 nu \u00eengreuneadz\u0103 situa\u0163ia a l\u00e2ntui.\u201d<\/p>\n
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De copiil\u2019i rezulta\u0163 din c\u0103s\u0103toriile mixte se ocupa \u015fi noaua leghisla\u0163ie. U \u00eentreb\u0103m pe Lya Beniamin care eara statulu a lor juridic. Ea dz\u00e2se:<\/p>\n
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\u201cAesta eara \u0163iva legat tot de definirea a calitatil\u2019ei di evreu. Ma c\u0103 tat\u0103l eara evreu, \u0163i cara c\u0103 si avea desp\u0103r\u0163\u00e2t\u0103 de mama rom\u00e2nc\u0103 sau cre\u015ftin\u0103, cu toate aestea copilul respectiv conta ca evreu. Eu am publicat\u0103 un memoriu a mamelor cre\u015ftine din Bucure\u015fti prin care protesta contra faptului c\u0103 cilimean\u2019il\u2019i a lor eara exclu\u015fi din \u00eenv\u0103\u0163emintu hiinda considra\u0163 evrei. Un ahtare memoriu faptu de mamele cre\u015ftine fu semnat de mama a Janin\u00e2l\u2019ei Iano\u015fi, so\u0163ia filosofului Ion Iano\u015fi. Mama a l\u2019ei eara cre\u015ftin-ortodox\u0103, tat\u0103l a l\u2019ei eara evreu, \u015fi ea eara elev\u0103 \u00eentr-un\u0103 \u015fcoal\u0103 evanghelic\u0103 de iu fu exclus\u0103. Deci copiil\u2019i di-tru a\u0163eale c\u0103snicii mixte conta ca evrei. Un altu exemplu fu filosofulu Constantin Ionescu-Gulian, tat\u0103l a lui eara evreu, mama lui eara cre\u015ftin\u0103 \u015fi el conta ca evreu.\u201d<\/p>\n
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\u00cen baza a leghisla\u0163il\u2019ei rasial\u0103, \u015fi cilimeanulu Lya Beniamin fu exclus de la \u015fcoal\u0103. U \u00eentreb\u0103m \u0163i amintiri are legat de a\u0163el episod. Ea spuse:<\/p>\n
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\u201cPrimulu \u015foc fu \u00een 1940, c\u00e2nd fu adoptat\u0103 leadzea tr\u00e2 eliminarea cilimean\u2019ilor din \u015fcoal\u0103. Familia mea locuia \u00eentr-un c\u00e2s\u00e2b\u0103 care se numea T\u00e2rn\u0103veni. Earam \u00een clasa a 3-a \u015fi aveam mirache tr\u00e2 \u015fcoal\u0103. Earam pasionat\u0103 de \u015fcoal\u0103, mi di\u015ftiptam la 6 diminea\u0163a tra s-nupu v\u00e2r\u00e2 turlie \u00eent\u00e2rdziu. Directorulu a \u015fcoal\u00e2l\u2019ei primar\u0103 iu earam eu \u015fi al\u0163i copii evrei avea aprucheat\u0103 un ordin ca a doaua dzuu\u0103 diminea\u0163\u0103 s\u0103 se fac\u0103 un\u0103 adunare \u00een curtea \u015fcoal\u00e2l\u2019ei \u015fi s\u0103 se citeasc\u0103, cu mare hiperif\u0103nil\u2019e, leadzea prin care copiil\u2019i evrei nu mai avea acces \u00een \u015fcol\u2019iurile rom\u00e2ne\u015fti. Directorulu eara un om cu foarte multu bun-sim\u0163 \u015fi si duse noaptea la rabinulu din T\u00e2rn\u0103veni, c\u00e2s\u00e2b\u0103 m\u2019ic, cu pu\u0163\u00e2n\u2019i evrei. Lu determin\u0103\u0103 s\u0103 m\u2019earg\u0103 \u00een toate casele evreie\u015fti iu avea cilimean\u2019i de \u015fcoal\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 anuun\u0163\u0103 c\u0103 a doaua dzuu\u0103 copiil\u2019i s\u0103 nu se mai duc\u0103 la \u015fcoal\u0103 tra s\u0103 nu hib\u0103 expu\u015fi a unei ahtare situa\u0163ie \u00eenjositoare. \u015ei v\u2019ine mama la mine la 6 dimnea\u0163a \u015fi-m\u2019i spune c\u0103 nu mai am vol\u2019ie s\u0103 m\u2019ergu la \u015fcoal\u0103. Fu un \u015foc extraordinar tr\u00e2 mine.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Leghisla\u0163ia rasial\u0103 antisemit\u0103, profund nedreapt\u0103 \u015fi distructiv\u0103, disp\u0103ru un\u0103oar\u0103 cu c\u0103dearea fascismului tru 1945. Agiumse aclo iu \u00eel\u2019i easte loculu, abrogat\u0103 \u015fi dispre\u0163uit\u0103.<\/p>\n
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Autor: Steliu Lambru<\/p>\n
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Arm\u00e2nipsire: Hristu Steriu<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Rasismul fu, \u00een an\u2019il\u2019i 1930, un\u0103 di a\u0163eale mai resping\u0103toarrele forme de discriminare \u015fi persecu\u0163ie pe care omenirea li invent\u0103 \u015fi statele li aplicar\u0103. Criza democra\u0163iil\u2019ei \u015fi ascensiunea, crea\u015fterea, a intoleran\u0163\u00e2l\u2019ei dusir\u0103 la apari\u0163ia leghisla\u0163il\u2019ei rasial\u0103, reghimulu care deade tonulu a unor aht\u0103ri acte reprobabile hiinda Gherm\u0103nia nazist\u0103 prin celebrele nomuri antisemite de la N\u00fcrnberg […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":127,"featured_media":188763,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48422],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-188762","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pro-memoria-ro_ar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n