Protili emisiun\u2019i di radio experimentali pitricuti dit Rom\u00e2nia tr\u00e2 xin\u00e2tati eara programi muzicali. Eara tru 1927, un an ninte di fiin\u0163area-a Societatil\u2019ei Na\u0163ionali di Radio. Va s\u00e2 spunem, vru\u0163 so\u0163, c\u0103 tru 1927 easti ngrapsituu actul di amintari a emisiunilor experimentali tra xinatati difuzati dit Romania. Aca nu eara un postu ufitial, atel di laInstitutlu Electrotehnic avea tu videala, efectiv, si ascultatorlu dit alti tari si,- lucru indispensabil – avea si axizearea tehnica s-agiunga pana la aestu.<\/p>\n
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Tru un\u00e2 cas\u00e2 dit secolulu 19 tu cari az\u00e2 sh ari scamnul Muzeulu a Litearatur\u00e2l\u2019ei Rom\u00e2ne di Bucure\u015fti \u015f-avea sediul, prit an\u2019i\u2019ii \u201920 a secolului tricut, Institutlu Ealictrotehnic Universitar. L\u2019irtatlu istoric Eugen Denize, un multu avizat cercet\u0103tor a evolu\u0163il\u2019ei ti radiofonia rom\u00e2neasc\u00e2, spunea c\u0103 tru laboaratoareali ai\u015ftui Institut fu construit, tru 1927, un postu di emisie rom\u00e2nescu, cu un\u00e2 puteari di 200 W \u015fi cari lucra pi lundzimea di und\u0103 di 280 di meatri.<\/p>\n
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Avea agiumt\u00e2 atum\u0163ea treilu post experimental rom\u00e2nesc, ama tru cazlu a lui dim\u00e2namaea a emisiilor s-f\u0103tea tru patru limbi: rom\u00e2n\u0103, francez\u0103, german\u0103 \u015fi italian\u0103. Av\u00e2ndalui un\u00e2 \u201cb\u0103teari\u201d di aproximativ 1000 di kilomeatri, putea s-hib\u00e2 recep\u0163ionat \u015fi tru xeani, tru Europa \u015fi tru Orientul di Aproapea. \u201cPrit aestu postu, s-fea\u0163ir\u00e2 c\u00e2n\u00e2scuts tra prima dat\u0103 la microfon arti\u015ftil\u2019i ali Oper\u00e2 Rom\u00e2ne, s-transmisir\u00e2 concerteali di la Ateneul Rom\u00e2n \u015fi s-difuzar\u00e2, tu deapoana idyiului an, simfoniile al Beethoven\u201d — scria Denize.<\/p>\n
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Evidentu, comunicarea prit radio nu avu sinuri dit ahurhit\u00e2, ma p\u0163\u00e2n ateali di turlie tehnic\u00e2, di puteari di anv\u00e2leari hertzian\u0103. Ama timpurle \u201cbon enfant\u201d fur\u00e2 bagati ayonja anamisa di paranteze atum\u0163ea c\u00e2ndu regimurle dictatoriali — nazist \u015fi comunist — scoasir\u00e2 tru videal\u00e2 em bruiajlu, em propaganda ar\u00e2doacic\u00e2 i du\u015fmanoas\u0103. Pi shcurtu cortina hertzian\u0103 \u015fi minciuna hertzian\u0103!<\/p>\n
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S-n\u0103 turn\u0103m tru Regatlu ali Rom\u00e2niei interbelic\u00e2. Prima emisiun\u2019i oficial\u0103 tru limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 ie\u015fi tru eter la 1 brumar 1928, cu un emi\u0163\u0103tor di 400 di wa\u0163, pi lundzimea di und\u0103 di 401,6 meatri. Casa a proaspit\u00e2l\u2019ei Societati di Difuziune Radiotealifonic\u0103 (a\u015fa avu numa tu ahuhrit\u00e2), eara la idyea adres\u0103 di iu comunic\u0103m \u015fi tora cu dvs. – strada Genearal Berthelot nr. 60-64, dit centrul a Bucure\u015ftilor. Avea tricut\u00e2 dau\u0103 decenii di la instalarea-a protlui postu di radiotealigrafie tru Rom\u00e2nia, tru portul Constan\u0163a.<\/p>\n
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Tru 1932, emisiun\u2019ile s-avzea p\u00e2n\u0103 di alanta parti a Globlui, tru Noua Zeeland\u0103. Cu doi an\u2019i nainte, Consulatul rom\u00e2n dit Palestina pitritea a autorit\u0103\u0163lor rom\u00e2ne c\u00e2ftarea-a unui mari numir di cet\u0103\u0163eni dit atea v\u00e2silie, ca postul na\u0163ional di Bucure\u015fti s-transmit\u0103 informa\u0163ii \u015fi tru limba francez\u0103, tra s-poat` s-hib\u00e2 akic\u00e2situ mesajul.<\/p>\n
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Protili emisiun\u2019i propriu-dz\u00e2se tru limbi xeani ali Societatil\u2019ei Rom\u00e2ne di Radio fur\u00e2, ama, concepute, tru ahurhita-a an\u2019ilor \u201930 ai secolului XX, tra informaria corpului diplomatic dit capitala ali Rom\u00e2niei. Istoriclu Eugen Denize fatsi aesti spusi tru primul alui volum consacrat istoriil\u2019ei SRR: \u201cProtili emisiun\u2019i di aestu gen s-faca ahuhrindalui dit anul 1932 \u015fi suntu jurnali tru limbili francez\u0103 \u015fi englez\u0103, difuzate ninte di ncljidirea emisiun\u2019iljei, un cirec di oar\u0103 ninte di njiadz\u00e2noapti\u201d.<\/p>\n
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Practic, ninti di ncljidearea-a programelor di cafi dzuu\u00e2 tru limba rom\u00e2n\u0103, earau bagati tru und\u0103 a\u015fa-num\u00e2sitili \u201cminiaturi di emisiun\u2019i zbur\u00e2ti\u201d, cari f\u0103tea referire la specificlu rom\u00e2nesc – cum s\u2019exprima un documentu dit arhivile a noastre. Eara shcurte informa\u0163ii tru francez\u0103 \u015fi englez\u0103 (cit\u0103m ditr-un documentu a atilui kiro) \u201cdispre avu\u0163iile, economia, cultura \u015fi crea\u0163iile a Rom\u00e2niil\u2019ei\u201d. Deapoa vinir\u00e2 cu jurnali tru limbili italian\u0103 \u015fi german\u0103, difuzate la idyea oar\u00e0, tru altirnan\u0163\u0103 cu ateali tru englez\u0103 \u015fi francez\u0103.<\/p>\n
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Di alt\u00e2 parti, ascult\u0103torlu di tu xeani vrea s-agiung\u00e2 s-hib\u00e2 tru an\u2019il\u2019i yinitori subiectu di studiu multu atent di partea-a autorit\u0103\u0163lor, un\u00e2oar\u00e2 cu dishcljidearea-a Societatil\u2019ei Na\u0163ionali di Radio. Rom\u00e2nia, cata cum \u015fi alanti v\u00e2s\u00e2lii, avea aflat\u00e2 un\u00e2 h\u00e2lati extraorditar\u00e2 tra s\u2019prezint\u00e2 tru lume. Va s-ndreag\u00e2 seri spetsiali ah\u00e2rdziti ti alti \u0163\u0103ri. Va s-ndreag\u00e2 programili di al\u00e2xeri, deapoa ti furnjia c\u0103 dit 1930 s-difuzar\u00e2 periodic fr\u00e2ndz\u00e2 dit clasitl\u2019I a litearatur\u00e2l\u2019i rom\u00e2ne, tru limbili francez\u0103, italian\u0103 \u015fi german\u0103, traduse special.<\/p>\n
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Dateali nu suntuu, ama, ama precise, deapoa amintirile \u015fi chdeapoa surseali ngrapsitue ofer\u0103 un tablou u\u015for difuz, ama cu at\u00e2t mai fascinant. Un tablou al unei pirioadi truc\u0103 idilice dit istoria Europii \u015fi a lumii cari, di\u015fi trecuser\u0103 prittr-un polim mondial \u015fi trucebagatir\u0103 s\u0103 vin\u0103 tru contact cu URSS-ul lui Stalin \u015fi cu German\u2019ia lui Hitler, nu cunoscuser\u0103 marile orori ali secolului tricut — nazismul \u015fi comunismul.<\/p>\n
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C\u0103ut\u00e2nd tru Revista \u201cRadiofonia\u201d ninti di cel di-al doilu polim mondial, colegil\u2019i a no\u015ftri di la Arhiva SRR constatar\u00e2 c\u0103, ahurhindalui dit meslu martsu 1933, la oarile 23:00 (oara Bucure\u015ftiului), orile 21:00 GMT, profit\u00e2ndalui di faptul c\u0103 emisiun\u2019ile a ljei eara efectiv ac\u00e2tsati tru tut Bazinlu ali Meditearana, tru German\u2019ia, nica sh Australia, Societatea Rom\u00e2n\u0103 di Radiodifuziune ahurhi s\u2019transmit\u0103 di dau\u0103 ori tru s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 un\u00e2 emisiun\u2019i num\u00e2sit\u0103 \u201cTra informarea-a xin\u00e2tatiljei\u201d.<\/p>\n
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Mar\u0163ea emisiun\u2019ia s\u2019difuza tru limba francez\u0103, deapoa vinerea, ma am\u00e2nat gioia, tru limba german\u0103. Eara, di maxus, conferin\u0163e mutrindalui bana artistic\u0103, oferta turistic\u0103 \u015fi, n\u00e2sc\u00e2ntiori, posibilit\u0103\u0163ile economitse ali Rom\u00e2nie. Prima conferin\u0163\u0103 tru limba francez\u0103, difuzat\u0103 tru 21 martsu 1933, eara a profesorului Alexandru Busuioceanu \u015fi avea numa \u201cBana artistic\u0103 tru Rom\u00e2nia\u201d. Conferin\u0163a tru limba german\u0103 dit 24 martsu 1933 eara al Paul Zarifopol \u015fi spunea ti \u201cBana litearar\u0103 tru Rom\u00e2nia\u201d.<\/p>\n
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Vini arada adeapoa, cu n\u2019its hopi \u015fi vacan\u0163e, conferin\u0163ili dispre marle poet rom\u00e2n Mihai Eminescu, ti romanlu \u201cR\u0103scoala\u201d di Liviu Rebreanu, ti monumenteali bizantine dit Rom\u00e2nia, peisajul rom\u00e2nesc, poezia popular\u0103, sta\u0163iunile balneare, Mica Antant\u0103, \u015ftiri economitse, teatrul \u015fi pictura, castealile dit Rom\u00e2nia, c`s\u00e2b\u0103lu Bucure\u015fti, m\u00e2yulili \u015fi c\u00e2mpurli rom\u00e2ne\u015fti, etc.<\/p>\n
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Tru august 1933, un\u00e2 carti a domnului John Hardie dit Sco\u0163ia confirma, ntr\u0103 altile, buna recep\u0163ie a emisiun\u2019il\u2019ei cari ahurhea, s\u2019pare, cu h\u00e2barea \u201cRadio Bucure\u015fti experimental\u201d, pi un fond di pian. Alti surse plaseadz\u0103 alt\u00e2turlie primlu mesaj ngrapsitu pi cari lu aprukem: s\u2019pare c\u0103 prima carti agiumt\u00e2 la Radio dit xin\u00e2tati vini dit Egiptu.<\/p>\n
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Dit Italia ngrapsi tr\u0103 prima dat\u0103 un domnu pi num\u00e2 Oscar Laurenti, tru 1934: eara di Napoli \u015fi ngrapsi nu tru italian\u0103, c\u00e2 tru limba francez\u0103. El \u015fi exprima entuziasmul andicra di modul di interpretare a oper\u00e2l\u2019ei \u201cLucia di Lamermoor\u201d \u015fi c\u00e2fta am\u0103nunte tru leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu sta\u0163ia cari emitea.<\/p>\n
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Dup\u0103 cum iase tru migdani dit \u201cRadio Adev\u0103rul\u201d nr. 349, dit 1935 s\u2019difuzeadz\u0103, seara, la oareali 23:45 (oara Rom\u00e2niei) un \u201cJurnal tra xinatati\u201d, tru limbili francez\u0103 \u015fi german\u0103.<\/p>\n
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Avem deapoa m\u0103rturia tealifonic\u0103 multu emo\u0163ionant\u0103 a unui ascult\u0103tor: octogenarlu profesor Luigi Menguzzi dit Padova ne declara cu aproapea 10 an\u2019i ninti: \u201cEu ascultu aeste emisiun\u2019i dit 1938. Eara buletini di \u015ftiri tru limba francez\u0103, difuzate seara, ninti di ncljidearea-a programului\u201d.<\/p>\n
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Un\u00e2 dat\u0103-born\u0103 tr\u0103 radiofonia rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 tra exterior easti 12 di shcurtu 1939, c\u00e2nd fu lansat\u0103 un\u00e2 emisiun\u2019i complex\u0103 dispre Rom\u00e2nia tra America, dispre cari s\u00e2 afirma, tru revista “Radio Universul”, c\u0103 fu “conceput\u0103 ca mijloc di propagand\u0103 tra partitsparea-a Rom\u00e2niei la Expozi\u0163ia Universal\u0103 di New York”. Tru program putur\u00e2 s-hib\u00e2 ascultate, ntr\u0103 altile, \u201cPoema rom\u00e2n\u0103\u201d, di George Enescu, un\u00e2 melodie popular\u0103 tru interpretarea-a mariljei a noastre artiste Maria T\u0103nase, orchestra dirijat\u0103 di cunoscutlu Grigora\u015f Dinicu, interpret\u00e2ndalui un cor, arii populare rom\u00e2ne\u015fti, tru interpretarea-a Valintinei Cre\u0163oiu Tassian \u015fi al G. Folescu.<\/p>\n
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Tru edi\u0163ia dit 19 di shcurtu 1939 a revistei “Radio – Adev\u0103rul”, emisiunea fu apreciat\u0103 ca un “evenimentu epocal”. Emisiunea avea interviuri \u015fi muzic\u0103 \u015fi a fu redifuzat\u0103 di posturle americane. Nu avem nregistrarea, ama tru Fonoteca di mal\u00e2m\u00e2 avem boatea ali Mariei T\u0103nase, cari c\u00e2nta tru ea.<\/p>\n
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Prima confirmari ti ac\u00e2tsarea tru Stateali Unite a unei emisiun\u2019i adrat\u00e2 tru limba englez\u0103 di Radio Bucure\u015fti dateadz\u0103, dimi, dit shcurtu 1939 \u015fi easti considearat\u0103 dzuua di amintari a produc\u0163iilor radiofonice rom\u00e2ne\u015fti cu destina\u0163ie transocean\u2019ic\u0103.<\/p>\n
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Parteneriat tr\u00e2 interesile a statlui rom\u00e2n <\/strong><\/p>\n
Programili tru limbi xeani eara b\u00e2gati prit un\u00e2 ini\u0163iativ\u00e2 guvernamental\u00e2. Ac\u00e2 Societatea di Radiodifuziune eara mixt\u0103, 60% capital di stat \u015fi 40% capital privat, tru Consiliul di Administra\u0163ie, tru Comitetlu di Direc\u0163ie, apofasli ateali ma di simasie eara loati andicra di sinferurli a statlui rom\u00e2n. B\u00e2garea a aishtor emisiun\u2019i s-fea\u0163i tamam cu scupolu tra s-prezint\u00e2 a xin\u00e2tatiljei realit\u0103\u0163le rom\u00e2ne\u015fti, cultura rom\u00e2n\u0103, evenimenteali cari s\u2019f\u00e2\u0163ea tru Regatul Rom\u00e2niei. Eale fur\u00e2 un\u00e2 ini\u0163iativ\u0103 guvernamental\u0103 \u015fi avea tru scupo ma buna cunu\u015fteare a v\u00e2siliil\u2019ei tru xinatati.<\/p>\n
Istoriclu Eugen Denize sumlinia destina\u0163ia-a emisiun\u2019ilor tru limbi xeani di Bucure\u015fti: \u201cTru ansamblu, emisiun\u2019ile tru limbi xeani avur\u00e2 un loc cabaia importantu tru grila di programe a Societatil\u2019ei Rom\u00e2ne di Radiodifuziune tru perioada interbelic\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 la nkisearea a polimlui eali av\u00e2ndalui un caracter diversu, di informari a xin\u00e2tatiljei tru lig\u0103tur\u0103 cu realit\u0103\u0163ile dit Rom\u00e2nia. Tru oara anda nkisi polimlu avur\u00e2 un caracter multu ma propagandistic, deapoa dup\u0103 tsi Rom\u00e2nia intr\u0103 tru polim agiumsir\u00e2, cadealihea, emisiun\u2019i di andrupari a ac\u0163iunil\u2019ei militare rom\u00e2ne\u015fti pi frontul dit Apirit\u00e2\u201d.<\/p>\n
Rezultatile a lucurlui jurnalistic <\/strong><\/p>\n
Con\u0163inutlu a emisiun\u2019ilor externe avu model posturle xeani, maxus ateali franceze \u015fi engleze. Eugen Denize spunea c\u0103, dit ahurhit\u00e2, emisiun\u2019ile tr\u00e2 xin\u00e2tati avea materiali i\u015fi\u015f, dimec nu eara simple tradu\u0163iri a emisiun\u2019ilor tr\u0103 v\u00e2silie. Eali constituiau un\u00e2 turlie di sintez\u0103 a evenimentilor rom\u00e2ne\u015fti, a \u015ftirlor politi\u0163i, economi\u0163e, sportive. S\u2019prezenta lig\u00e2turli ali Rom\u00e2nie cu alti v\u00e2silii, ama \u015fi evenimenti culturali.<\/p>\n
\u201cRecep\u0163ionarea ai\u015ftor emisiun\u2019i tru xinatati s\u2019f\u0103\u0163ea zorlea — afirma dl. Denize. Emisiun\u2019ile tru limbili francez\u0103, englez\u0103, german\u0103 \u015fi italian\u0103 adrati p\u00e2n\u0103 di nkisita a Polimlui eara emisiun\u2019i pi undi medii, dimec impactul a lor eara sc\u0103dzut ti xin\u00e2tati. Niheam\u00e2 ma am\u00e2nat, c\u00e2ndu intr\u0103 tru lucru un postu pi undi shcurte, s-agiumsi s\u2019emiteadz\u0103 multu largu. Ama dit statistitsli adrati di Societate, tru an\u2019ii \u201938-\u201940, multi locuri dit Europa nu earau anv\u00e2liti. S\u2019emita dit zona di nordu a Capital\u00e2l\u2019ei, di B\u0103neasa, pi lundzimea di und\u0103 di 34,2 meatri, ama putearea-a emits\u0103torlui nu putea s-anv\u00e2leasc\u00e2 acutotalui tut spa\u0163iul european. Aesti emisiun\u2019i eara, ama ghini recep\u0163ionate tru zona-a Balcan\u2019ilor \u015fi a Orientului di Mesi, dit furnjia a relieflui \u015fi a propagariljei undili.\u201d<\/p>\n
Radio tru kiro di \u201cpolim caldu\u201d <\/strong><\/p>\n
Nkisita a doilui polim mondial fu itia ti un\u00e2 crea\u015ftire \u015fi diversificari a informa\u0163iljei dit Rom\u00e2nia tru limbi xeani ndreapti tr\u00e2 xin\u00e2tati.<\/p>\n
Pi ninga emisiun\u2019ile tru francez\u0103, englez\u0103, german\u0103 \u015fi italian\u0103 yin \u015fi emisiun\u2019i tru limbili greac\u0103, turc\u0103, s\u00e2rb\u0103, rus\u0103 \u015fi, ma am\u00e2nat, tru bitisita a vear\u00e2ljei a anlui 1941 \u015fi toamna anlui 1942 tru limba ucrainean\u0103. Tru perioada-a polimului, cadealihea, emisiun\u2019ile tru limbi xeani avur\u00e2 un caracter propagandistic ahoryea, di anrupari a ac\u0163iunilje militari \u015fi politi\u0163i ali Rom\u00e2nie \u015fi, tru idyiul kiro, di andrupari a Puterlor a Ax\u00e2ljei, prota sh prota ali Germanie.<\/p>\n
Dup\u0103 ti tu 23 di agustu 1944 Rom\u00e2nia s-fea\u0163i sutat\u00e2 cu Puterli Aliate, tu inshita-a idyiului an s-dishcljisi postul \u201cDacia roman\u0103\u201d, cari emitea tru 5 limbi: englez\u0103, rus\u0103, francez\u0103, sh deapoa \u015fi tu german\u0103. Polimlu nu s\u2019avea bitisit\u00e2. Simfun cu Apofasea-a Consiliului di Administra\u0163ie, postul \u015f\u2019pripunea \u201cs\u2019alumt\u00e2 tr\u0103 intrarea ali Rom\u00e2nie tru Na\u0163iunile Unite, s\u2019prezint\u00e2 reconstruc\u0163ia economic\u0103 \u015fi democratizarea-a v\u00e2siliiljei\u201d.<\/p>\n
Studiourli dit Calea General Berthelot avea fut\u00e2 asparti di un bombardament german. Emisiun\u2019ile s\u2019difuza, provizoriu, di la Colegiul Na\u0163ional “S\u00e2mtul Sava”, tsi eara aproapea. Tr\u0103 postul \u201cDacia roman\u0103\u201d s-adr\u0103 atumtsea aparatur\u0103 \u015fi un studio spetsial tru sala di festivit\u0103\u0163 a Colegiului.<\/p>\n
Radio tru kiro di \u201cpolim ara<\/strong>\u0163<\/strong>i\u201d <\/strong><\/p>\n
Regimlu comunisu \u0163i avea vinit\u00e2 cu zorea la puteari va u nsmneadz\u00e2 duriros \u015fi istoria-a Societatil\u2019ei Rom\u00e2ne di Radiodifuziune. Sum semnul a \u201cpolimlui ara\u0163i\u201d, purtat tu apirit\u00e2 di \u201cCortina di Her\u201d, ideea di propagand\u0103 agiundzi determinant\u0103, a\u0163ea turlie c\u00e2 emisiun\u2019ile tra xinatati suntu ufilisiti ca instrument pur \u015fi dur di dizinformari. Cu toate aestuea, dit programe nu au lipsit materialile culturali, sportive, muzica rom\u00e2neasc\u0103.<\/p>\n
Tru 1946, la 21 di andreu, s\u2019dishcljisi un nau post rom\u00e2nescu tr\u0103 xin\u00e2tati – \u201cRom\u00e2nia Liber\u0103\u201d. Consiliul di Administra\u0163ie spune, tru epoc\u0103, tru Raportul mutrindaluin aest\u00e2 turlie di programe radiofoni\u0163i: \u201cprit emisiun\u2019ile tra xinatati s-featsir\u00e2 cunuscuti a lumiljei gaere\u0163li a popului rom\u00e2n tra democratizarea-a v\u00e2siliiljei\u201d. Va s-dz\u00e2c\u00e2, eara comunizari!<\/p>\n
Ca un\u00e2 concluzie di etap\u0103, tru 1948 eara transmise di Bucure\u015fti emisiun\u2019i tru francez\u0103, englez\u0103, rus\u0103, s\u00e2rb\u0103 \u015fi german\u0103.<\/p>\n
S\u2019n\u00e2 turn\u0103m tu giumitatea-a secolui XX <\/strong><\/p>\n
Cum evoluar\u00e2 cu kirolu programili radiofoni\u0163i externi rom\u00e2ne\u015fti tru n\u00e2sc\u00e2nti limbi? Memoria-a so\u0163lor cu dz\u0103ts di an\u2019i di experien\u0163\u0103, memoria ngr\u00e2sit\u0103 a Arhiv\u00e2ljei Radio, ama \u015fi memoria magnetic\u0103, a Fonotec\u00e2ljei di Mal\u00e2m\u00e2 di la Radio Rom\u00e2nia, n\u00e2 agiutar\u00e2 p\u00e2n di mardzin\u00e2 tra s` u spunem — cu c\u00e2t ma mult\u0103 limbidzami — istoria-a emisiun\u2019ilor tr\u0103 xin\u00e2tati adrati Bucure\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Prima emisiun\u2019i tru limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 tra xin\u00e2tati s\u2018difuz\u0103 tru 10 di alunar 1950 tru undi \u015fcurte, paralel cu postul \u201cRom\u00e2nia liber\u0103\u201d, cari emitea tut pi undi \u015fcurte. Dauli avea programi di 30 di minuti. Tu yinitorl\u2019i an\u2019i s\u2019dishcljidi \u015fi \u201cEmisiunea rom\u00e2n\u0103 tr\u0103 SUA\u201d. Eara, dimi, un\u00e2 diversificari geografic\u0103, nkisindalui di la realitatea-a existen\u0163\u00e2l\u2019ei a\u0163eali ma multi emigra\u0163ii rom\u00e2ne\u015fti, a\u0163ea dit SUA.<\/p>\n
La 15 di andreun 1955, aest\u0103 emisiun\u2019i s\u2019difuza tru paralel cu \u201cboatea a Patrid\u00e2l\u2019ei\u201d, num\u00e2 \u0163i s-deadi dit a\u0163el an ti emisiunea tru limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 creat\u00e2 tru 1950. S\u2019nu ag\u00e2r\u015fim c\u0103 1955 eara anlu c\u00e2ndu Rom\u00e2nia avea fut\u00e2 aprukeat\u00e2 tru ONU. Cum\u00e2ndusearea a aistei miniredac\u0163ii fu dat\u00e2 a unui gazetar experimentat, Leon S\u0103r\u0103\u0163eanu.<\/p>\n
Importan\u0163a dat\u0103 ti emisiunea \u201cBoatea ali Patrid\u00e2\u201d easti probat\u0103 \u015f\u2019di faptul c\u0103 buletinili di \u015ftiri eara giv\u00e2siti pi dau\u00e2 \u2018\u2019bo\u0163 di mal\u00e2m\u00e2\u201d a Radioului rom\u00e2nesc: Mihai Zirra \u015fi Marcela Rusu. Sec\u0163ia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a adun\u0103 — spun martorl\u2019ii a kirolui — c\u00e2imakea-a giurnali\u015ftilor dit atel kiro di la Radiodifuziunea Rom\u00e2n\u0103, tr\u0103 minduita a regimlui tra s\u00e2 u \u201cumanizeadz\u00e2\u201d propaganda.<\/p>\n
Eara zborlu di un\u00e2 politic\u0103 limbid concertat\u0103 andicra di exilul rom\u00e2nescu ncuntrat a regimlui comunistu, ama pi cari ufi\u0163ial\u2019I avea n\u00e2dia s-lu aproaki, barimu nheam\u00e2 di nheam\u00e2, di noaua Rom\u00e2nie. S\u2019dishcl\u2019idi un Comitet rom\u00e2n tr\u0103 repatrieri, cu sediul tru Berlinul dit Apirit\u00e2, av\u00e2ndalui prezidentu genearalu Cre\u0163ulescu, dit veacl\u2019ea Askeri ali Rom\u00e2nie. Avea \u015fi un\u00e2 oficin\u0103 di pres\u0103, jurnalu \u201cBoatea a Patrid\u00e2l\u2019ei\u201d, cari s\u2019difuza cabaia tru xin`tati \u015fi a curu redac\u0163ie avea scamnul Bucure\u015fti.<\/p>\n
La 12 di apriliu 1958 \u201cEmisiun\u2019ia rom\u00e2n\u0103 tra SUA\u201d s\u2019fa\u0163i un\u00e2 cu \u201cGlasul Patriei\u201d, cari tru arada a l\u2019ei avea programe diversificate geografic, tra Europa Ocidental\u0103 \u015fi tra SUA.<\/p>\n
Istoria Sec\u0163iei Franceze di dup\u0103 atel dit soni polim mondial ahurhi cu doamna Andr\u00e9e Fleury, pi cari n\u00e2sc\u00e2n\u0163\u00e2 di ascult\u0103torl\u2019i a no\u015ftri avur\u00e2 \u015fansa s\u0103 u avd\u0103 \u015fi cari murit la venearabila ilikie di 100 di an\u2019i \u015fi \u0163in\u0163i me\u015fi. N\u00e2sc\u00e2n\u0163\u00e2 di atel\u2019I cari lucrar\u00e2 la Sec\u0163ia Francez\u0103 di la Radio Bucure\u015ft dusir\u00e2 ninti cu carieara radifonic\u0103 la m\u0103ri posturi di radio dit lume, di cari adutem aminti Radio France, Radio France International \u015fi Radio Europa Liber\u0103. Elena Murgu \u015fi Alain Paruit suntu ma\u015f doau\u0103 exemple.<\/p>\n
La Sec\u0163ia Englez\u0103 emisiun\u2019ile postbeli\u0163i ahurhir\u00e2 cu preaclja Edith \u015fi Max Eisinger, \u015fcoli\u0163 tru Anglie \u015fi cu mult\u00e2 miraki ti radio, a deapoa vini tu \u015fcurtu kiro cunuscutlu om di cultur\u0103 \u015fi jurnalistu Catinca Ralia. Dup\u0103 un kiro i\u015fi tu migdani un\u00e2 alt\u00e2 boa\u0163i remarcabil\u0103 – Alexandru Fole. Tu ahuhrita-a an\u2019ilor \u201960 a secolui tricut, \u015fef ali Sec\u0163ie fu Eugen Preda, primlu director genearal al SRR dup\u0103 c\u0103dearea-a comunismului, tru 1989. Lipsea\u015fti s-hib\u00e2 adusi aminti interviurli di excep\u0163ie adrati di Catinca Ralia, ntr\u0103 altile cu scriitorl\u2019i Saul Bellow, William Saroyan, Alvin Toffler ic\u00e2 Iris Murdoch, cu muziciean\u2019il\u2019i Yehudi Menuhin \u015fi Arthur Rubinstein, cu sculptorlu Henry Moore, cu oamin\u2019il\u2019i politits Margaret Thatcher \u015fi Edward Kennedy.<\/p>\n
Tru an\u2019il\u2019i \u201850 a secolui XX la Radio Bucure\u015fti avea emisiun\u2019i tru limba rus\u0103 tr\u0103 ascherea sovietic\u0103 \u015fi exper\u0163\u00e2l\u2019i sovieti\u0163. Un\u00e2oar\u00e2 cu ritr\u00e2dzearea a lor, tru daua giumitate a an\u2019ilor \u201950, asti emisiun\u2019i s-ncljisir\u00e2. Tru idyiul kiro ahurhi al\u00e2xearea di programe cu Radio Moscova, idyealui cum radioulu sovietic lu adra cu radiourle dit majoritatea-a statilor dit bloclu comunistu. Eara programi adrati \u015fi nreghistrate Bucure\u015fti, pitricuti Moscova \u015fi difuzate di aclo, di doau\u0103 ori tu st\u00e2m\u00e2n\u0103.<\/p>\n
Tru 1975 tru arada-a Redac\u0163iei Emisiun\u2019ilor tr\u0103 Xinatati fu thimiljiusit\u00e2 Sec\u0163ia Rus\u0103, a curi prot\u00e2 emisiuni i\u015fi pi postu, pi undi \u015fcurte, la 15 di andreu a idyiului an. Rom\u00e2nia agiundzea aest\u00e2 turlie s-hib\u00e2 prima v\u00e2silie dit Tratatlu di Var\u015fovia cari avea un\u00e2 emisiun\u2019i tru limb\u0103 rus\u0103 cari agiundzea ndreptu la ascult\u0103torlu sovietic, f\u0103r\u0103 s-hib\u00e2 \u201cn\u0163irnut\u00e2\u201d Moscova. Tu a\u0163el kiro Rom\u00e2nia s-avea ar\u00e2\u0163it\u00e2 di URSS, maxus tru planlu di politic\u00e2 externe \u015fi economic, a\u015fi c\u00e2 sovieti\u0163l\u2019I minduir\u00e2, ma nu putur\u00e2 s\u2019c\u00e2nd\u00e2seasc\u00e2 Bucure\u015ftil\u2019i s-trag\u00e2 m\u00e2n\u00e2 di la ideea a n\u00e2sc\u00e2ntor aht\u0103ri emisiun\u2019i.<\/p>\n
Sec\u0163ia German\u0103 s\u2019h\u00e2rsi pi hiotea a kirolui, di colaboararea a n\u00e2sc\u00e2ntor nume ilustri: poe\u0163l\u2019ii di expresie german\u0103 Alfred Margul Spirber \u015fi Franz Johannes Bulhardt, actri\u0163a Margot Goettling, absolvent\u0103 a Institutlui di Teatru dit Viena, craini\u0163 \u015fi moderatori excep\u0163ionali: Ingrid Kloos, Heidimarie Papp, Otto Schneidir, Erwin Sacher ica Ilse Borcea, jurnali\u015fti cu hari, cata cum Richard Lang \u015fi Juergen Salzer.<\/p>\n
Emisiun\u2019ia tru limba greac\u0103 s-di\u015fcl\u2019isi tru 1950 \u015fi tru redac\u0163ie lucra prota \u015f-prota cet\u0103\u0163eni elini arifugia\u0163 politic. Tu ahurhit\u00e2 fea\u0163ir\u00e2 parti dit echip\u0103 Elena Papadopoulos, Panas Panaitopoulos, Egon Steindler Petraru \u015fi Filareti Folea.<\/p>\n
Emisiunea tru limba idi\u015f s-di\u015fcl\u2019isi tru 1950, tru arada ali Redac\u0163ie tr\u0103 minorit\u0103\u0163 na\u0163ionali. T`\u015f tu anlu yinitor, 1951, trea\u0163i la Redac\u0163ia Emisiun\u2019ilor tra Xinatati (REPS). Emisiunea d\u00e2n\u00e2si tru 1955, spun n\u00e2sc\u00e2nti surse. Istoriclu Eugen Denize spuni, ama, c\u0103 ea lucreadz\u00e2 \u015f-ma largu \u015fi tru 1957, hiindalui anamisa di ateali 11 di limbi xeani tru cari s\u2019emita: rus\u0103, englez\u0103, francez\u0103, italian\u0103, span\u2019iol\u0103, german\u0103, turc\u0103, farsi (persan\u0103), idi\u015f, greac\u0103 \u015fi s\u00e2rb\u0103.<\/p>\n
Tru 1952, Radio Bucure\u015fti ahurhi dizn\u0103u s\u2019emit\u0103 tru limba italian\u0103, prit boatea-a simpati\u0163lor italieni Ugo Merolla \u015fi Sanguinetti, deapoa cu volea tinireasc\u00e2 dit atel kiro \u015fi harea al Florin Velcu. \u201cProgramili ahurhir\u00e2 tru 1952, c\u00e2te trei emisiun\u2019i di un\u00e2 s\u00e2hati ndzuu\u00e2\u201d, \u015f\u2019adu\u0163i aminti dl. Velcu.<\/p>\n
Tru 1955 putem s\u2019dat\u0103m ahurhita-a emisiun\u2019ilor tru portughez\u0103. Priml\u2019i realizatori eara doi cet\u0103\u0163eni portughezi, tru colaboarari cu tinira student\u0103 Angela Mocanu. Tru shcurt kiro intrar\u00e2 tru echipa di la Radio Bucure\u015fti nicukirl\u2019i Jos\u00e9 \u015fi Tereza Ramos, cari un\u00e2 \u015f-un\u00e2 dup\u0103 Revolu\u0163ia a Garoafilor Aro\u015fi, dit 1974, s-turnar\u00e2 tru patrid\u00e2.<\/p>\n
Serviciului Spaniol ahurhea\u015fti tu 15 di martsu 1955, oarili 20:00, oara ali Rom\u00e2nie. La originea-a emisiun\u2019ilor tru span\u2019iol\u0103 eara, practic, Hortensia Roman (dada yinitorului premier Petre Roman, primul prim-ministru di dup\u0103 c\u0103dearea-a regimlui comunistu). Doamna Roman eara arifugat\u0103 politic Bucure\u015fti dup\u0103 Polimlu \u0163ivil dit Span\u2019ia.<\/p>\n
Sec\u0163ia S\u00e2rb\u0103 ahurhi tru 1956 cu preftul Ghena Petrov. Emisiunea, cari avea ca \u0163int\u0103 atea \u0163i tu epoc\u0103 eara num\u00e2sit regimlu devia\u0163ionist titoistu, s-al\u00e2xi, tru an\u2019il\u2019i \u201960, di furn\u2019ia c\u00e2 s\u2019al\u00e2xi atitudinea-a Bucure\u015ftilor, tru un\u00e2 \u201dapunti a su\u0163at\u00e2l\u2019ei rom\u00e2no-iugoslave\u201d.<\/p>\n
La 15 di alunar 1957 s\u2019di\u015fclisi Sec\u0163ia Turc\u0103, sh di numili \u201cthimil\u2019iusitoari eara doamna Melike Roman. Emisiun\u2019ile tru turc\u0103 d\u00e2n\u00e2sir\u00e2 la 27 di mar\u0163u 2004, tu idyiu kiro cu emisiun\u2019ile tru v\u00e2rgar\u0103, greac\u0103, maghear\u00e2 \u015fi portughez\u0103.<\/p>\n
La 17 di yism\u00e2ciuni 1957 ar\u00e2sun\u0103 ti prima oar\u00e2 tru eter h\u00e2barea \u201cAoa Radio Bucure\u015fti\u201d tru limba persan\u0103, cu agiutorlu direct \u015fi inimarcu a fumeaiil\u2019ei di arifuga\u0163 Saidi Masud. Tru primveara-a anlui 2000, emisiun\u2019ile respective d\u00e2n\u00e2sir\u00e2 di cauz\u0103 obiectiv\u0103 — ixikea total\u0103 a \u201cnau\u00e2l\u2019ei dalg\u00e2\u201d di zbur\u00e2tori di farsi cari s\u0103-l\u2019i al\u00e2xeasc\u00e2 oamin\u2019il\u2019i di radio cari avea fut\u00e2 ning\u00e2 ascult\u0103tori ma multe decenii f\u0103r\u0103 d\u00e2n\u00e2seari!<\/p>\n
Sec\u0163ia Arab\u0103 ahurhi s-emit\u00e2 tu 5 di april 1961 \u015fi b\u00e2n\u00e3 dz\u00e2li di glorie tru an\u2019ii \u201860-\u201970, c\u00e2ndu Rom\u00e2nia du\u0163ea un\u00e2 politic\u0103 di cooperare em cu statili arabi, em cu Israelu, di \u015f-adusi contribu\u0163ia la pro\u0163eslu di irini dit Orientul di Mesi. Dit membril\u2019i thimil\u2019iusitori ali Sec\u0163ie adutem aminti Nadir Karajoli \u015fi nicukira-a lui, Suleima Samman.<\/p>\n
Un\u00e2 c\u00e2rtic\u00e2 di prezentare editat\u0103 di Radiotealiviziunea Rom\u00e2n\u0103 tru 1982 prezint\u0103 aest\u00e2 isapi ti emisiun\u2019ile tru limbi xeani a Radioului di stat: la nivelu a atilui an s-nreghistr\u0103, comparativ cu anlu 1961, un\u00e2 cri\u015fteari a numirlui di oari di emisie tru an di la 8570 (514.200 di minute) la 10807 di ore (684.420 di minute), tru isapi hiindalui spusi \u015fi programili tru limbili arab\u0103 (120 di minute pi dzuu\u00e2), englez\u0103 (375 di minute tu dzuu\u00e2), francez\u0103 (165 di minute tu dzuu\u00e2), german\u0103 (105 minute tu dzuu\u00e2), greac\u0103 (60 di minute tu dzuu\u00e2i), persan\u0103 (60 di minute pi zi), italian\u0103 (120 di minute tu dzuu\u00e2 ), portughez\u0103 (60 di minute tu dzuu\u00e2 ), rus\u0103 (75 di minute tu dzuu\u00e2 ), rom\u00e2n\u0103 (180 di minute tu dzuu\u00e2), s\u00e2rb\u0103 (60 di minute tu dzuu\u00e2 ), span\u2019iol\u0103 (270 di minute tu dzuu\u00e2 ), turc\u0103 (60 di minute tu dzuu\u00e2) \u015fi emisiunea \u201cTurism \u015fi muzic\u0103\u201d, un program poliglot con\u0163in\u00e2ndalui informa\u0163ii turisti\u0163i tru limbili englez\u0103, francez\u0103 \u015fi german\u0103 (30 di minute tu dzuu\u00e2).<\/p>\n
Un radio elefterisitu \u015fi so<\/strong>\u0163<\/strong><\/p>\n
Dup\u0103 Revolu\u0163ia anticomunist\u0103 rom\u00e2n\u0103 dit andreu 1989, Radio Bucure\u015fti agiumsi Radio Rom\u00e2nia Interna\u0163ional, emisiun\u2019ile ac\u00e2tar\u00e2 alt\u00e2 cali, pareili eara al\u00e2xiti iru\u015fi \u015fi s-turnar\u00e2 cu fa\u0163a tu yinitor, ti ligarea ali Rom\u00e2nie cu lumea democratic\u0103 \u015fi ti adrarea dizn\u0103u apun\u0163\u00e2li anamisa di rom\u00e2n\u2019il\u2019i di acas\u0103 \u015fi a\u0163el\u2019i dit lumi, apun\u0163\u00e2 arupti cu zorea ic\u00e2 sl\u00e2ghiti cu vreari, h\u00e2rnite cu nipistipseari \u015fi \u015fubei di regimlu totalitar.<\/p>\n
Tru deceniul 10 a secolului XX s-ndreapsir\u00e2, arada arada, sum sigla \u201cRadio Rom\u00e2nia Interna\u0163ional\u201d, trei canali radiofoni\u0163i, diferen\u0163iati dup\u0103 auditoriul-\u0163int\u0103: canalu \u201cNyie Rom\u00e2nia\u201d, ndreptu ti rom\u00e2n\u2019il\u2019i di nafoara a sinurlor, canalul \u201cOpen Radio\u201d, cu programi prota \u015f-prota tru limbi di larg\u0103 urdinari interna\u0163ional\u0103: arab\u0103, chinez\u0103 (emisiun\u2019i di\u015fcl\u2019is\u00e2 tru 1999), englez\u0103, francez\u0103, german\u0103, italian\u0103, portughez\u0103 \u015fi span\u2019iol\u0103 (redac\u0163ia persan\u0103 \u015f\u2019d\u00e2n\u00e2si lucurlu di furn\u2019ia a ixichil\u2019ei di oamin\u2019I) \u015fi canalul \u201cApun\u0163\u00e2 Hertziene\u201d, a curi emisiun\u2019i s-adresar\u00e2 maxux ti \u0163\u0103rli vi\u0163ini tru limbili v\u00e2rgar\u00e2, maghear\u0103, ucrainean\u0103 (emisiuni di\u015fcl\u2019is\u00e2 dup\u0103 1990 ti vrearea a unei ma bun\u00e2 comunicari cu vi\u0163in\u2019il\u2019I), deadun cu produc\u0163iile tru limbili greac\u0103, turc\u0103, rus\u0103 \u015fi s\u00e2rb\u0103. Un\u00e2 alt\u00e2 nau\u00e2 fu apari\u0163ia-a emisiun\u2019ilor tru grailu arm\u00e2nescu, tru 1991.<\/p>\n
N\u0103i limbi di emisie, n\u0103i apun\u0163\u00e2 c\u0103tr\u00e3 so<\/strong>\u0163<\/strong><\/p>\n
Tru dzuua di 23 di mar\u0163u 1991, RRI ahurhea s\u2019emit\u00e2 programe tru grailu arm\u00e2nescu tr\u0103 comunit\u0103\u0163li di arm\u00e2n\u2019i dit Balcan\u2019i, \u015f-nu ma\u015fi. Ahurhea, dizn\u0103u tu un\u00e2 nau\u00e2 turlie un\u00e2 ah\u00e2ndoas\u00e2 lig\u0103tur\u0103 spiritual\u0103 pi cari vicisitudin\u2019ili a vecl\u2019iului kiro ic\u00e2 ma n\u0103u u avea d\u00e2n\u00e2sit\u00e2.<\/p>\n
Emisiun\u2019ile tru limba maghear\u0103 ahurhir\u00e2 la 14 di agustu 1993, pi fondul a unei ananghi maxutarcu tr\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia \u015fi Ungaria ta s-treac\u00e2 ma largu di problemeili comuni, istori\u0163i maxus, tra s-adar\u00e2 deadun yinitorlu european \u015fi euroatlantic a atilor dau\u0103 stati fosti comunisti ar\u00e2d\u00e2psiti di istorie un ning\u00e2 alantu. A\u0163ea dit soni emisiuni tru maghear\u0103 fu difuzat\u0103 di Radio Rom\u00e2nia Interna\u0163ional la 27 di mar\u0163u 2004.<\/p>\n
Emisiun\u2019i tru limba ucrainean\u0103 nica s\u2019difuzar\u00e2 di Bucure\u015fti tru contextul a atilui dit soni polim mondial, ama alithea dzuu\u00e2 di amintari a emisiun\u2019ilor tru ucrainean\u0103 easti 25 di yism\u00e2ciuni 1994. Emisiun\u2019ile s-di\u015fcl\u2019isir\u00e2 c\u00e2te ucrainean\u2019il\u2019i suntu vi\u0163in\u2019i cu cari avum \u015f\u2019avem ti zburari nica multi kiro ti subiecti extrem di interesanti.<\/p>\n
Emisiun\u2019ile tru limba v\u00e2rgar\u00e2 nkisir\u00e2 la 1 di andreu 1995, pi fondul a evolu\u0163iilor democrati\u0163i dit Rom\u00e2nia \u015fi dit V\u00e2rg\u00e2ria dup\u0103 c\u0103dearea-a comunismului \u015fi avur\u00e2 scuplu s-agiut\u00e2 ti aprukearea a a\u0163ilor dau\u00e2 v\u00e2silii, ti f\u00e2tearea ma streasi lig\u00e2turli anamia di rom\u00e2ni \u015fi v\u00e2rgari, ti cunu\u015ftearei ma bun\u00e2 un-alantu. Atea dit soni emisiun\u2019i di la RRI tr\u0103 V\u00e2rg\u00e2rie s-difuz\u0103 tut tu 27 di mar\u0163u 2004.<\/p>\n
La 1 sumedru 1999, RRI ahurgi s-adar\u00e2 emisiun\u2019i tru limba chinez\u0103. Pareia s-h\u00e2rsi di colaboararea a n\u00e2sc\u00e2ntor chinezi \u0163i eara cu \u015fudearea tu Rom\u00e2nia, deapoa un\u00e2 mari contribu\u0163ie la formarea profesional\u0103 u\u2019avur\u00e2 exper\u0163\u00e2l\u2019i pi limba chinez\u0103 – Yang Shunxi, fostu profesor di rom\u00e2n\u0103 la Universitatea di Beijing, ama \u015fi so\u0163l\u2019I a no\u015ftri di la Radio China Interna\u0163ional, sec\u0163ia di limba rom\u00e2n\u00e2 Li Jiayu \u015fi Shen Qinchen.<\/p>\n
Di la prezentu la yinitor <\/strong><\/p>\n
Tru 2004 RRI s-a reorgan\u2019iz\u0103 sum turlia-a dau\u0103 posturi di radio tra xin\u00e2tati, Radio Rom\u00e2nia Interna\u0163ional 1, cari emiti nonstop programi tru limba rom\u00e2n\u0103, ama \u015fi programe tru grailu arm\u00e2nescu, \u015fi Radio Rom\u00e2nia Interna\u0163ional 2, cari emiti programi tru 10 limbi xeani: arab\u0103, chinez\u0103, englez\u0103, francez\u0103, german\u0103, italian\u0103, s\u00e2rb\u0103, span\u2019iol\u0103, rus\u0103 \u015fi ucrainean\u0103. Posturli au personal tehnic \u015fi economic comun.<\/p>\n
Simfun cu un\u00e2 apofasi a Consiliului di Administra\u0163ie ali SRR, tu bitisita a meslui mar\u0163u 2004 d\u00e2n\u00e2sir\u00e2 emisiun\u2019ile RRI tru limbili v\u00e2rgar\u00e2, greac\u0103, maghear\u0103, portughez\u0103 \u015fi turc\u0103 \u015fi s\u2019di\u015fcl\u2019isi un Grup Multimedia, ti produc\u0163iili online \u015fi coproduc\u0163iili radiofoni\u0163i interna\u0163ionali, tru parteneriat.<\/p>\n
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